Post‐earthquake bridge repair cost and repair time estimation methodology

Abstract

SUMMARYWhile structural engineers have traditionally focused on individual components (bridges, for example) of transportation networks for design, retrofit, and analysis, it has become increasingly apparent that the economic costs to society after extreme earthquake events are caused at least as much from indirect costs as direct costs due to individual structures. This paper describes an improved methodology for developing probabilistic estimates of repair costs and repair times that can be used for evaluating the performance of new bridge design options and existing bridges in preparation for the next major earthquake. The proposed approach in this paper is an improvement on previous bridge loss modeling studies-it is based on the local linearization of the dependence between repair quantities and damage states so that the resulting model follows a linear relationship between damage states and repair points. The methodology uses the concept of performance groups (PGs) that account for damage and repair of individual bridge components and subassemblies. The method is validated using two simple examples that compare the proposed method to simulation and previous methods based on loss models using a power-law relationship between repair quantities and damage. In addition, an illustration of the method is provided for a complete study on the performance of a common five-span overpass bridge structure in California. Intensity-dependent repair cost ratios (RCRs) and repair times are calculated using the proposed approach, as well as plots that show the disaggregation of repair cost by repair quantity and by PG. This provides the decision maker with a higher fidelity of data when evaluating the contribution of different bridge components to the performance of the bridge system, where performance is evaluated in terms of repair costs and repair times rather than traditional engineering quantities such as displacements and stresses.

A risk‐based life cycle cost strategy for optimal design and evaluation of control methods for nonlinear structures

“…Assuming a Poisson distribution, the annual probability of at least 1 earthquake occurrence P (EQ) is expressed as where v EQ is the mean annual rate of hazard occurrence. To calculate the expected repair cost for hazard‐induced damage to structural systems, a number of studies, such as Applied Technology Council, Mackie et al, and Shafieezadeh et al, proposed frameworks that are based on detailed element‐level damage assessments. Using these procedures, functions have been derived for the estimation of system loss (or loss of functionality) for a number of sample structures (eg, Mackie et al, Shafieezadeh et al, Karamlou and Bocchini, and Shafieezadeh and Burden).…”

“…To calculate the expected repair cost for hazard‐induced damage to structural systems, a number of studies, such as Applied Technology Council, Mackie et al, and Shafieezadeh et al, proposed frameworks that are based on detailed element‐level damage assessments. Using these procedures, functions have been derived for the estimation of system loss (or loss of functionality) for a number of sample structures (eg, Mackie et al, Shafieezadeh et al, Karamlou and Bocchini, and Shafieezadeh and Burden). While conducting loss estimation via these frameworks yields more accurate hazard loss estimates, in this paper, for simplification and because of lack of availability of required data for the case study building, the 4 discrete system‐level damage states suggested by NIBS, FEMA, are considered for the calculation of C r .…”

Estimating Potential Economic Loss from Damage to RC Buildings in Singapore due to Far-Field Seismic Risk

“…Many studies have further used the PBEE approach to region-and building-specific projects in order to quantify economic losses, i.e., costs of repairing earthquake damage (Yang et al 2009;Mackie et al 2010;Ramirez et al 2012). It can be observed from Eq (1) that the overall process can be carried out in A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 reconnaissance (Miranda and Aslani 2003).…”

Seismic resilience of isolated bridge configurations with soil–structure interaction

“…Consequently, the platform defines discrete damage states and each of these has a subset of different repair quantities, associated to a given scenario. Once the repair quantities have been established for a given scenario (damage to different PGs), the total repair costs can be generated through a unit cost function [25,26]. Finally, for each repair quantity, an estimate of the repair effort can be obtained through a production rate.…”