Post‐fertilization Reproductive Strategies

Dijk, René E. van; Székely, Tamás

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003665

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The net result of this is a conflict of interest between parents (post‐fertilization sexual conflict: Royle et al. , 2004; van Dijk & Székely, 2008), as each parent will benefit from shifting more of the burden of care for the current offspring onto its partner (Trivers, 1972; Lessells, 1999; Houston et al. , 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How is sexual conflict over parental care resolved? A meta‐analysis

Harrison

Barta

Cuthill

et al. 2009

J of Evolutionary Biology

237

228

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Biparental care of offspring is both a form of cooperation and a source of conflict. Parents face a trade‐off between current and future reproduction: caring less for the current brood allows individuals to maintain energy reserves and increase their chances of remating. How can selection maintain biparental care, given this temptation to defect? The answer lies in how parents respond to changes in each other’s effort. Game‐theoretical models predict that biparental care is evolutionarily stable when reduced care by one parent leads its partner to increase care, but not so much that it completely compensates for the lost input. Experiments designed to reveal responses to reduced partner effort have mainly focused on birds. We present a meta‐analysis of 54 such studies, and conclude that the mean response was indeed partial compensation. Males and females responded differently and this was in part mediated by the type of manipulation used.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How is sexual conflict over parental care resolved? A meta‐analysis

Harrison

Barta

Cuthill

et al. 2009

J of Evolutionary Biology

237

228

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“…This may be because females in multi-male groups perceived males to be less likely to provide infant care, or because the need for male protection against infanticide was reduced. The results underscore the importance of evaluating the nature and strength of sexual conflict in specific contexts, rather than generalizing across species or ecologies (for relevant discussions of sexual conflict see: [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infant Mortality Risk and Paternity Certainty Are Associated with Postnatal Maternal Behavior toward Adult Male Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

et al. 2016

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Sexually selected infanticide is an important source of infant mortality in many mammalian species. In species with long-term male-female associations, females may benefit from male protection against infanticidal outsiders. We tested whether mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) mothers in single and multi-male groups monitored by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund’s Karisoke Research Center actively facilitated interactions between their infants and a potentially protective male. We also evaluated the criteria mothers in multi-male groups used to choose a preferred male social partner. In single male groups, where infanticide risk and paternity certainty are high, females with infants <1 year old spent more time near and affiliated more with males than females without young infants. In multi-male groups, where infanticide rates and paternity certainty are lower, mothers with new infants exhibited few behavioral changes toward males. The sole notable change was that females with young infants proportionally increased their time near males they previously spent little time near when compared to males they had previously preferred, perhaps to encourage paternity uncertainty and deter aggression. Rank was a much better predictor of females’ social partner choice than paternity. Older infants (2–3 years) in multi-male groups mirrored their mothers’ preferences for individual male social partners; 89% spent the most time in close proximity to the male their mother had spent the most time near when they were <1 year old. Observed discrepancies between female behavior in single and multi-male groups likely reflect different levels of postpartum intersexual conflict; in groups where paternity certainty and infanticide risk are both high, male-female interests align and females behave accordingly. This highlights the importance of considering individual and group-level variation when evaluating intersexual conflict across the reproductive cycle.

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“…Here, we use avian parental care to investigate complex trait evolution. Birds are often used as model organisms to understand parental care evolution (Bennett & Owens, ; Cockburn, ; Smiseth et al ., ; van Dijk & Székely, ; McGraw et al ., ; Gardner & Smiseth, ). However, previous phylogenetic analyses of parental care often treated care as a single trait (Székely & Reynolds, ; Owens & Bennett, ; Cockburn, ), and this broad‐brush categorization may conceal much of variation that natural selection may act upon (Webb et al ., ; Smiseth et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why care? Inferring the evolution of complex social behaviour

Székely

Remeš

Freckleton

et al. 2013

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Phylogenetic comparative analyses of complex traits often reduce the traits of interests into a single (or a few) component variables. Here, we show that this may be an over-simplification, because components of a complex trait may evolve independently from each other. Using eight components of parental care in 400 bird species from 89 avian families that represent the relative contribution of male vs. female to a particular type of care, we show that some components evolve in a highly correlated manner, whereas others exhibit low (or no) phylogenetic correlation. Correlations were stronger within types of parental activity (brooding, feeding, guarding) than within stages of the breeding cycle (incubation, prefledging care, post-fledging care). A phylogenetically corrected cluster analysis identified two groups of parental care components that evolved in a correlated fashion: one group included incubation and brooding, whereas the other group comprised of the remaining components. The two groups of components provide working hypotheses for follow-up studies to test the underlying genetic, developmental and ecological co-evolutionary mechanism between male and female care. Furthermore, the components within each group are expected to respond consistently to different ambient and social environments.

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Post‐fertilization Reproductive Strategies

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

How is sexual conflict over parental care resolved? A meta‐analysis

How is sexual conflict over parental care resolved? A meta‐analysis

Infant Mortality Risk and Paternity Certainty Are Associated with Postnatal Maternal Behavior toward Adult Male Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Why care? Inferring the evolution of complex social behaviour

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