Post-fire morel (Morchella) mushroom abundance, spatial structure, and harvest sustainability

Larson, Andrew J.; Cansler, C. Alina; Cowdery, Seth G.; Hiebert, Sienna; Furniss, Tucker J.; Swanson, Mark E.; Lutz, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.038

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Wild morels are able to produce fruiting bodies on various types of substrates, such as post‐fire forest soils (Larson et al ., ), plant debris as well as living roots (Pilz et al ., ; ). In post‐fire soils, wild morels are unlikely to consume recent plant litter as primary C and nitrogen (N) sources (Hobbie et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring

Tan

Kohler

Miao

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary The black morel (Morchella importuna Kuo, O'Donnell and Volk) was once an uncultivable wild mushroom, until the development of exogenous nutrient bag (ENB), making its agricultural production quite feasible and stable. To date, how the nutritional acquisition of the morel mycelium is fulfilled to trigger its fruiting remains unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in ENB decomposition, the genome of a cultivable morel strain (M. importuna SCYDJ1‐A1) was sequenced and the genes coding for the decay apparatus were identified. Expression of the encoded carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) was then analyzed by metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in combination with biochemical assays. The results show that a diverse set of hydrolytic and redox CAZymes secreted by the morel mycelium is the main force driving the substrate decomposition. Plant polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose present in ENB substrate (wheat grains plus rice husks) were rapidly degraded, whereas triglycerides were accumulated initially and consumed later. ENB decomposition led to a rapid increase in the organic carbon content in the surface soil of the mushroom bed, which was thereafter consumed during morel fruiting. In contrast to the high carbon consumption, no significant acquisition of nitrogen was observed. Our findings contribute to an increasingly detailed portrait of molecular features triggering morel fruiting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring

Tan

Kohler

Miao

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Similar results have also been reported for specific mushroom species such as Tricholoma magnivelare (Luoma et al, 2006) and Morchella spp. (Pilz et al, 2004;Larson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mushroom Pickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is silviculture able to enhance wild forest mushroom resources? Current knowledge and future perspectives

Tomao

Bonet

Aragón

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

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Fungal fruit-bodies are an important economic resource both for recreational pickers and commercial markets. The broad interest in forest fungi and mushrooms has motivated attempts to develop appropriate silvicultural methods able to preserve and improve mushroom yields. Defining best practices for the sustainability and profitability of forest fungal resources is the main aim of 'mycosilviculture'. However, the difficulty of monitoring and studying such a cryptic kingdom (i.e., fungi) under real forest conditions has led to rather scattered scientific knowledge of the effects of forest management regimes and silvicultural operations on wild mushroom resources. Here, we review the current scientific literature regarding the influence of (i) stand characteristics, i.e. stand age, stand density, canopy cover and tree species composition, (ii) silvicultural practices and (iii) other management-related disturbances affecting the yield of wild epigeous mushrooms, with the aim of systematizing existing scientific knowledge and identifying gaps in knowledge in order to suggest 2 future lines of research. Most of the research in the field of mycosilviculture to date has focused on ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, which include the majority of wild commercial mushrooms. The main findings from the literature indicate that forest management practices, by modifying stand characteristics and microclimatic conditions, can influence wild mushroom occurrence and productivity, both positively and negatively, depending on the specific fungal ecological needs, reproductive strategies, forest type and management regime. Further research efforts relating to all aspects of the interaction between forest management, fungal ecology and mushroom production are needed: in particular, additional research efforts should be devoted to understanding mushroom yield dynamics in uneven-aged and mixed forests and evaluating the effects of regeneration methods on fungal communities.

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“…Understanding the variability of pre-fire fuel loadings at spatial scales similar to that of prescribed fires (i.e., 25 ha to 250 ha) can be important both to managers seeking to reintroduce fire (Collins et al 2010) and also for calculating the likely effects of burning on tree survival (Lutes et al 2009;Furniss et al 2019;Hood et al 2018). Similarly, measurements of surface fuel combustion and residual fuel loadings immediately after fire are required to evaluate the effectiveness of fire as a fuel reduction and ecosystem restoration treatment (Knapp et al 2005;Varner et al 2005); to understand fire impacts to understory plant and fungal species (Moore et al 2006;Larson et al 2016); and to estimate fire-caused ecosystem changes, such as direct fire effects on aboveground carbon storage, pyrogenic carbon emissions (Campbell et al 2007), soil heating (Swezy and Agee 1991), and related changes to soil chemistry and structure (Certini 2005;Hille and Den Ouden 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel dynamics after reintroduced fire in an old-growth Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

et al. 2019

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Background: Surface fuel loadings are some of the most important factors contributing to fire intensity and fire spread. In old-growth forests where fire has been long excluded, surface fuel loadings can be high and can include woody debris ≥100 cm in diameter. We assessed surface fuel loadings in a long-unburned old-growth mixedconifer forest in Yosemite National Park, California, USA, and assessed fuel consumption from a managementignited fire set to control the progression of the 2013 Rim Fire. Specifically, we characterized the distribution and heterogeneity of pre-fire fuel loadings, both along transects and contained in duff mounds around large trees. We compared surface fuel consumption to that predicted by the standard First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) based on pre-fire fuel loadings and fuel moistures. We also assessed the relationship between tree basal area-calculated for two different spatial neighborhood scales-and pre-fire fuel loadings. Results: Pre-fire total surface fuel loading averaged 192 Mg ha −1 and was reduced by 79% by the fire to 41 Mg ha −1 immediately after fire. Most fuel components were reduced by 87% to 90% by the fire, with the exception of coarse woody debris (CWD), which was reduced by 60%. Litter depth in duff mounds were within 1 SD of plot means, but duff biomass for the largest trees (>150 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) exceeded plot background levels. Overstory basal area generally had significant positive relationships with pre-fire fuel loadings of litter, duff, 1-hour, and 10-hour fuels, but the strength of the relationships differed between overstory components (live, dead, all [live and dead], species), and negative relationships were observed between live Pinus lambertiana Douglas basal area and CWD. FOFEM over-predicted rotten CWD consumption and under-predicted duff consumption. Conclusions: Surface fuel loadings were characterized by heterogeneity and the presence of large pieces. This heterogeneity likely contributed to differential fire behavior at small scales and heterogeneity in the post-fire environment. The reductions in fuel loadings at our research site were in line with ecological restoration objectives; thus, ecologically restorative burning during fire suppression is possible.

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Post-fire morel (Morchella) mushroom abundance, spatial structure, and harvest sustainability

Cited by 46 publications

References 40 publications

Multi‐omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring

Multi‐omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring

Is silviculture able to enhance wild forest mushroom resources? Current knowledge and future perspectives

Fuel dynamics after reintroduced fire in an old-growth Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

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