Post-Flashover Fires in Light and Heavy Timber Construction Compartments

Hakkarainen, Tuula

doi:10.1177/0734904102020002074

Cited by 52 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…6 and 7 minutes. A series of full scale fire tests has been recently performed by VTT using different timber compartments with and without protection of the wood structure by gypsum plasterboard [7]. In these experiments, flashover occurred between 4 and 6 minutes, confirming the results of the fire tests on modular hotels.…”

Section: Results Of Post-flashover Fire Tests (Series Bü)supporting

confidence: 62%

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Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions

Frangi¹,

Fontana²

2005

Fire Saf. Sci.

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In recent years the use of wood as a building material has become popular, especially for dwellings. One of the preconditions for its use is adequate fire safety. Technical measures, especially sprinkler and smoke detection systems, well equipped fire brigades and a better knowledge in the area of structural fire design of timber structures allow the use of timber in a wider field of application. Full scale tests on wooden modular hotels were performed under natural fire conditions to look at the efficiency of different fire safety concepts. In a first series the efficiency of technical measures, especially fast response sprinkler systems, was studied. The second series showed the possibility and limits of structural fire safety measures. Special attention was given to the influence of combustible room surfaces on fire growth and fire spread inside and outside the room.The tests enlarged the experimental data for validation of natural fire simulations (temperatures, fire spread etc.) and for verifying the methods for the fire resistance calculation of wood constructions. KEYWORDS: fire performance, timber structures, tests under natural fire conditions, performance based design, efficiency of sprinkler systems NOMENCLATURE LISTINGA v area of the window opening (m 2 ) A t total area of the boundary surfaces (m 2 ) h eq height of the window opening (m) H u net heat of combustion (MJ/kg) M weight of combustible materials (kg) O opening factor (m 1/2 ) Q fi fire load (MJ) q fi fire load density calculated over the room floor area (MJ/m 2 )

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Section: Results Of Post-flashover Fire Tests (Series Bü)supporting

confidence: 62%

“…The unburnt gases flowed out of the window opening, causing intense combustion outside the module where oxygen was available in large quantities. Similar results have been also obtained in [7]. The temperature development in the module was simulated using two different softwares (BSBG and OZone).…”

Section: Results Of Post-flashover Fire Tests (Series Bü)supporting

confidence: 55%

Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions

Frangi¹,

Fontana²

2005

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…This behavior was consistent with results in additional tests performed by Hakkarainen (Hakkarainen 2002). Findings indicate that flame spread and elevated temperatures were restricted to the room of fire origin.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 80%

Summary of the fire protection foundation report - fire safety challenges of tall wood buildings

Barber

Gerard²

2015

Fire Sci Rev

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Buildings constructed from engineered timber are becoming more prevalent globally as building designers, owners and architects realize the sustainability opportunities with timber construction and the overall aesthetic of a completed timber building. As timber buildings are planned to be taller than many model codes permit, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Fire Protection Foundation commissioned research entitled "Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings", with the aim of understanding where the current gaps in knowledge are and how the research agenda should be prioritized. With new engineered timber products such as cross-laminated timber becoming more prevalent, this study evaluated the current knowledge of tall timber construction to identify gaps in knowledge, and where if fulfilled, will provide a better understanding of the potential fire safety performance of tall timber buildings. The study identified a number of knowledge gaps, of which most were related directly to the new technology of engineered timber products that have resulted from the use of CLT. These included system-level fire testing, use of composite assemblies, CLT char fall-off and construction fire safety. The study concluded that the priority for future research should target three areas of research, being the contribution of exposed timber to room fires; connections between timber components and timber composite assemblies; and penetrations for building services.

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“…Room fire tests with and without encapsulated timber structures were performed in a Nordic project (Hakkarainen, 2002) showing that the room temperature during fire was similar in all cases, but that the non-encapsulated timber structures caused heavy flames out of the windows. These were caused by unburnt gases being produced in the room due to lack of oxygen.…”

Section: European Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International R and D Roadmap for Fire Resistance of Structures Summary of NIST/CIB Workshop

Yang¹,

Bundy²,

Gross³

et al. 2015

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This report summarizes the results of the global meeting to develop the International R&D Roadmap for Fire Resistance of Structures (the Roadmap) held May 21-22, 2014, in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and hosted by NIST. The workshop provided a forum to identify and discuss the research and development needs and programs to implement to advance technical solutions in order to improve the fire resistance of structures through greater use of existing technologies, development and deployment of emerging technologies, and development and implementation of standards and codes for performance-based engineering design. In preparation for the workshop, NIST commissioned three white papers-one on concrete structures, one on steel structures, and one on timber structures-written by topic experts in the respective fields.

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Post-Flashover Fires in Light and Heavy Timber Construction Compartments

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions

Fire Performance Of Timber Structures Under Natural Fire Conditions

Summary of the fire protection foundation report - fire safety challenges of tall wood buildings

International R and D Roadmap for Fire Resistance of Structures Summary of NIST/CIB Workshop

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