Post glacial sea levels on the Western Canadian continental shelf: evidence for rapid change, extensive subaerial exposure, and early human habitation

Josenhans, H; Fedje, Daryl W.; Conway, Kim W.; Barrie, J. Vaughn

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(95)00024-s

Cited by 99 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While the LGM ice sheets are thought to have completely covered the Strait of Georgia, parts of the outer coast north of Vancouver Island (Blaise et al 1990), and the shoreline on the western coast of Vancouver Island (Anderson 1968), parts of the coastline north of Vancouver Island are thought to have been free of ice at the LGM (Pielou 1991). This includes portions of northwestern Vancouver Island (Clague 1983), the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Warner et al 1982;Josenhans et al 1995;Barrie and Conway 1999), Queen Charlotte Sound (Blaise et al 1990), and southeastern Alaska (Mann and Hamilton 1995;Heaton et al 1996). Although the extent of the ice sheet cover on the northern coastline is far from certain, elevated levels of terrestrial endemism (Oglive and Roemer 1984;Ferguson 1987;Cowen 1989;Brodo 1995) and paleobotanical evidence (Warner et al 1982) has suggested that some areas north of the Strait of Georgia harbored a substantial coastal community at the LGM.…”

Section: Paleo-sea Surface Temperatures and Coastal Glaciationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Quaternary Histories in an Ecologically Divergent Sister Pair of Low-Dispersing Intertidal Fish (Xiphister) Revealed by Multilocus Dna Analysis

Hickerson

Cunningham

2005

Evolution

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Abstract. Recurrent glacial advances have shaped community histories across the planet. While biogeographic responses to glaciations likely varied with latitude, the consequences for temperate marine communities histories are less clear. By coalescent analyses of multiloci DNA sequence data (mitochondrial DNA control region, ␣-enolase intron, and ␣-tropomyosin intron) collected from a low-dispersing sister pair of rocky intertidal fishes commonly found from southeastern Alaska to California (Xiphister atropurpureus and X. mucosus), we uncover two very different responses to historical glaciations. A variety of methods that include a simulation analysis, coestimates of migration and divergence times, and estimates of minimum ages of populations sampled up and down the North American Pacific coast all strongly revealed a history of range persistence in X. atropurpureus and extreme range contraction and expansion from a southern refugium in X. mucosus. Furthermore, these conclusions are not sensitive to the independent estimates of the DNA substitution rates we obtain. While gene flow and dispersal are low in both species, the widely different histories are rather likely to have arisen from ecological differences such as diet breadth, generation time, and habitat specificity. The periodic glacial epochs of the Quaternary were prolonged and occupied nearly 80% of the last 2 million years (Lambeck et al. 2002). The composition of Northern Hemisphere temperate communities during warmer interglacial periods such as the current Holocene era is widely thought to be the result of range expansion and colonization from southern glacial refugia, leading to directional selection favoring generalists with higher dispersal ability and lower overall taxonomic diversity than tropical regions (Valentine and Jablonski 1993; Hewitt 1999;Dynesius and Jansson 2000). While these glaciations have often resulted in genetic signatures of low population divergence and gradients in genetic diversity in temperate North American and European taxa (Avise 2000; Hewitt 2000;Lessa et al. 2003), some genetic studies are increasingly suggesting that many temperate communities consist of taxa that retained the geographical extent of their ranges in cryptic multiple refugia (Stewart and Lister 2001;Jacobs et al. 2004).The community composition of temperate intertidal areas such as the northeastern Pacific is likely to be the result of both historical processes such as these cyclical glaciations as well as contemporary oceanographic processes and changes (Horn and Allen 1978;Roy et al. 1995;Lindberg and Lipps 1996; Roy et al. 2001;Hohenlohe 2004). The craggy and complex coastline of the northeastern Pacific intertidal contains a highly diversified biota, yet it has experienced coastal sea ice, lower sea surface temperatures (SST), shifts in major current patterns (Sabin and Pisias 1996;Lyle et al. 2000;Herbert et al. 2001;Pisias et al. 2001), and sea levels falling as much as 150 m (Pielou 1991;Williams et al. 1998;Rahmstorf 2002 this community during...

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Section: Paleo-sea Surface Temperatures and Coastal Glaciationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Quaternary Histories in an Ecologically Divergent Sister Pair of Low-Dispersing Intertidal Fish (Xiphister) Revealed by Multilocus Dna Analysis

Hickerson

Cunningham

2005

Evolution

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“…Considering the natural qualities of the modern northwest coast, TP coastal loesses and their soils, and the paleobotanical record from Little Lake, reveal nonanalogous environmental conditions. These environmental conditions are similar to those seen in coastal British Columbia during the TP (Josenhans et al, 1995;Mathewes, 1997) and provides a larger perspective on northwest coast paleoecology during the TP. Although it is assumed that early coastal migrants would have exploited marine resources (Dixon, 2001), direct or indirect measures of Pacific-maritime and littoral productivity before 11,500 yr B.P.…”

Section: Paleoenvironmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The paleoenvironmental context of the New World Pacific coastline during the TP is largely unknown, save for a few particularly well-investigated areas in British Columbia (Mathewes, 1989(Mathewes, , 1997Fedje, 1993;Josenhans et al, 1995Josenhans et al, , 1997. However, in the absence of protected inlets and island archipelago waterways, defining the paleoenvironmental context of the TP Pacific coastline south of Puget Sound may prove much more difficult.…”

Section: Paleoenvironmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

Geoarchaeological insights from Indian Sands, a Late Pleistocene site on the southern northwest coast, USA

Davis

2006

Geoarchaeology

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Geoarchaeological investigations of site 35CU67C at the Indian Sands locality, along Oregon's southern coast, provide many insights useful for considering various aspects of a Late Pleistocene coastal migration hypothesis. The geographic and geomorphic setting of terminal Pleistocene human occupation at Indian Sands provides important contextual examples that may aid in the discovery of other early coastal sites. During the Terminal Pleistocene, hunter–gatherers exploited naturally occurring sources of chert toolstone available at the Indian Sands locality.Stratigraphic records at Indian Sands show changes in aeolian sedimentation, pedogenesis, and landscape evolution. Taken together, these records reflect the presence of nonanalogous Terminal Pleistocene paleoenvironmental conditions, suggesting a coastline much colder and drier than today. Developing paleoenvironmental proxy records from Pleistocene‐age terrestrial deposits in coastal settings will help improve our understanding of early coastal cultural ecology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…This approach, developed along Scandinavian coastlines (e.g. Hafsten and Tallantire, 1978;Krzywinski and Stabell, 1984;Svendsen and Mangerud, 1987), provides reconstructions of late Quaternary relative sea--level change in Scotland (Shennan et al, 1994;, Iceland (Lloyd et al, 2009;Rundgren et al, 1997), Canada (Hutchinson et al, 2004;James, 2005;2009a;Josenhans et al 1995) and Antarctica (Bentley et al, 2005;Zwartz et al, 1998) We investigate two potential isolation basins located above present mean sea level. Cores from Lower Whitshed Lake were retrieved in March 2010 from the frozen surface of the lake using a percussion corer and a gravity surface corer at a single site (60.472°N, 145.922°W; Figure 1).…”

Section: Lakes As Isolation Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on regional drivers of relative sea-level change around Cordova, Alaska

Garrett

Barlow

Cool

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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(2015) 'Constraints on regional drivers of relative sea-level change around Cordova, Alaska.', Quaternary science reviews., 113 . pp. 48-59. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.002 Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Quaternary Science Reviews. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Quaternary Science Reviews, 113, 1 April 2015, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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Post glacial sea levels on the Western Canadian continental shelf: evidence for rapid change, extensive subaerial exposure, and early human habitation

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Contrasting Quaternary Histories in an Ecologically Divergent Sister Pair of Low-Dispersing Intertidal Fish (Xiphister) Revealed by Multilocus Dna Analysis

Contrasting Quaternary Histories in an Ecologically Divergent Sister Pair of Low-Dispersing Intertidal Fish (Xiphister) Revealed by Multilocus Dna Analysis

Geoarchaeological insights from Indian Sands, a Late Pleistocene site on the southern northwest coast, USA

Constraints on regional drivers of relative sea-level change around Cordova, Alaska

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