Post-Harvest Alteration of the Main Chemical Ingredients in Ligusticum chuanxiong HORT. (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)

Li, Songlin; Yan, Ru; Tam, Yun-Kau; Lin, Ge

doi:10.1248/cpb.55.140

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In Ext 9-2 and Ext 9-3, extraction recovery for compound 3 was even higher than 100% (119% and 103%, respectively). According to previous reports and the results obtained by our group [18], thermal instability of 7 leading to the formation of 3 via hydrolysis pathway may explain this high recovery. The present results further demonstrated that temperature could be one of important factors affecting extraction, and hydrolysis of 7 to 3 might occur at relatively higher extraction temperature (40˚C for Ext 9-2 and 9-3 versus 32˚C for Ext 9-1 and 9-4) during the extraction.…”

Section: Modifications Of Scfe Conditionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…As the classical method, steam distillation is also commonly used to extract essential oil, which contains the aforementioned 10 main ingredients including active phthalides, from Chuanxiong. The main constituents of Chuanxiong, including coniferyl ferulate, ligustilide and senkyunolide A, were found to be thermo-and/or light-labile, and underwent extensive degradation due to exposure to light and/or high temperature during these preparation processes [18]. Thus, the method, that can obtain a high yield extraction of these components from Chuanxiong without thermal degradation, should be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Yan¹,

Li²,

Lin³

2012

AJAC

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As one of the most frequently used medicinal herbs in China, Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong) is notable for its beneficial effects in alleviation of cardio-and cerebro-vascular disorders. Results from previous phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies supported the contributions of 10 main components, namely ferulic acid (3), senkyunolide I (4), senkyunolide H (5), senkyunolide A (6), coniferylferulate (7), Z-ligustilide (8), sedanolide (9), 3-butylidenephthalide (10), riligustilide (11) and levistolide A (12), for therapeutic outcomes of the herb. To prepare a Chuanxiong extract, which is selectively enriched with these main components, the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) technique using CO 2 was chosen in the present study due to its superiority in extraction of lipophilic components, especially thermo-labile components from natural products. Eight Chuanxiong samples were extracted under different SCFE conditions. Contents of 3-12 in SCFE extracts and remained in herbal residues were determined using HPLC-UV and compared with those in 95% ethanol extracts of the respective herbal samples. The results showed that contents of 3-12 were generally enriched by SCFE with higher recoveries achieved for lipophilic constituents, including the three most abundant constituents 6, 7 and 8. Moreover, extraction yield of the less lipophilic 3, 4 and 5 was improved by adding ethanol as entrainer. Higher flow rate of CO 2 (10 -13 L/h vs 9 -12 L/h) enhanced the overall extraction, while lower temperature (32˚C vs 40˚C) reduced degradation of thermo-labile compounds, in particular 7, 8 and 10. Our established SCFE condition yielded high extraction recoveries for both total (75.6%) and three major chemical ingredients (6: 83.5%, 7: 77%, 8: 78.3%) from Chuanxiong with an adequate overall reproducibility, demonstrating a successful application of SCFE in selective enrichment of certain ingredients and efficient extraction of thermo-labile components from medicinal herbs using specifically designed SCFE conditions.

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Section: Modifications Of Scfe Conditionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Yan¹,

Li²,

Lin³

2012

AJAC

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“…In the present study, pharmacokinetics of ligustilide was investigated. The isolated ligustilide sample, which contained 5% butylidenephthalide with the composition ratio of two phthalides similar to that in the extract (approximately 18:1) (Table 1), was used because 1) concentration of commercially available ligustilide was too low for in vivo dosing; and 2) pure ligustilide is light and thermally labile but stable when kept in solvents, media, or mixed with other compounds (Cui et al, 2006;Li et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). As indicated in Table 1, L1, L2, and L13 are present in Chuanxiong herb in relatively low quantities (Li et al, 2003(Li et al, , 2007Yan et al, 2005 ϩ ) in the mass spectrum of L7 (Fig. 3) indicated that this metabolite has a molecular mass of 206 Da, 16 mass units higher than L13, which corresponded to a monooxygenated metabolite of L13.…”

Section: Identification Of Metabolites Of Ligustilide Fifteen Peaks mentioning

confidence: 91%

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Ligustilide, a Major Bioactive Component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the Rat

Yan

Ko²,

Li³

et al. 2008

Drug Metabolism and Disposition

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ABSTRACT:Ligustilide is the most abundant bioactive ingredient in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, a Chinese medicinal herb commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular ailments. The present study reported, for the first time, the pharmacokinetics of ligustilide, administered in its pure form and in an herbal extract, in rats. After i.v. administration of pure ligustilide, it was distributed extensively (V d , 3.76 ؎ 1.23 l/kg) and eliminated rapidly (t 1/2 , 0.31 ؎ 0.12 h). The i.v. clearance (CL) of ligustilide after Chuanxiong extract administration was significantly higher than that dosed in its pure form [CL, 20.35 ؎ 3.05 versus 9.14 ؎ 1.27 l/h/kg, p < 0.01; area under the curve (AUC), 0.79 ؎ 0.10 versus 1.81 ؎ 0.24 mg ⅐ h/l, p < 0.01], suggesting significant interaction between ligustilide and components present in the extract. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics was observed after i.p. administration, and a significantly higher dose-normalized AUC (1.77 ؎ 0.23 mg ⅐ h/l) at 52 mg/kg was obtained than that at 26 mg/kg (0.93 ؎ 0.07 mg ⅐ h/l, p < 0.05). Oral bioavailability of ligustilide was low (2.6%), which was partly because of extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. Seven metabolites of ligustilide were identified, and three of them were unequivocally characterized as butylidenephthalide, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide H. These three compounds also occurred naturally in the herb and were reported to be bioactive.Rhizoma Chuanxiong [Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae)], known as Chuanxiong in Chinese, a commonly used Chinese medicinal (CM) herb, has been used for treating cardiovascular diseases in China for centuries (State Pharmacopoeia Commission of P.R. China, 2005). In addition to raw herb preparations used in conventional CM practice, various Chuanxiong-based proprietary products containing Chuanxiong crude extract, especially Chuanxiong essential oil extract, are also used clinically. For instance, Quickacting Heart Saving Pill (Chinese name, Suxiao Jiuxin Wan), a product manufactured for sublingual delivery, contains Chuanxiong essential oil extract as the primary ingredient. In recent years, this product is one of the top five best-selling CM-based cardiovascular products in China (Sun et al., 2002;Li, 2005).In the past decades, the phytochemistry of Chuanxiong has been studied extensively. Nineteen compounds from L. chuanxiong have been reported to be pharmacologically active (Naito et al., 1995;Ko et al., 1997Ko et al., , 1998Ko et al., , 2002Matsumoto et al., 1998;Chong and Feng, 1999;Shih et al., 2002). In particular, phthalides are present in large quantities in Chuanxiong essential oil; these compounds have been shown to have in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities (Naito et al., 1995;Ko et al., 1998Ko et al., , 2002Matsumoto et al., 1998;Chong and Feng, 1999;Cao et al., 2006;Chan et al., 2006Chan et al., , 2007Du et al., 2006;Lu et al., 2006). Ligustilide (Z-3-butylidene-4,5-dihydroisodenzofuranone) (Fig. 1), a phthalide derivative, is the most abundant constituent in the herb (...

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“…Extracts from Ligusticum chuanxiong were prepared in saline with incremental concentrations of 7.5, 15, 30 mg/ml with a 2 ml/kg lavage [28][29][30]. Animals were given intravenous anesthesia with 3% pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg).…”

Section: The Effect Of Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort Extract On Canine Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Bioactive Ingredients in Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort for Protection against Myocardial Ischemia

Liu

Song-gang

et al. 2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: To study the spectrum-effect relationship and effective components of Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort. (LCH) on the protection of canine myocardial ischemia. Methods: Fingerprint spectrum of LCH extracts was developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a canine model of acute myocardial ischemia was established by ligating the coronary artery. Bivariate correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to correlate the pharmacodynamics of LCH extract and its common peaks in HPLC. Results: The bioactive components of LCH were ligustrazine, ferulic acid, cnidilide and ligustilide. Ligustrazine and ferulic acid could significantly reduce serum lactic acid in canine model of acute myocardial ischemia, while ligustilide could significantly reduce the elevation of serum free fatty acid. Conclusions: The spectrum-effect relationship study shows that the effective components of LCH are ligustrazine, ferulic acid, cnidilide and ligustilide, which have protective effect on myocardial ischemia.

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Post-Harvest Alteration of the Main Chemical Ingredients in Ligusticum chuanxiong HORT. (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Ligustilide, a Major Bioactive Component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the Rat

Screening of Bioactive Ingredients in Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort for Protection against Myocardial Ischemia

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Post-Harvest Alteration of the Main Chemical Ingredients in Ligusticum chuanxiong HORT. (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Ligustilide, a Major Bioactive Component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the Rat

Screening of Bioactive Ingredients in Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort for Protection against Myocardial Ischemia

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Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Extraction of the Main Ingredients from Chuanxiong by CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Fluid Extraction