Post-mortem interval of buried homicides in Okuku, Nigeria

Abstract

Background Post-mortem interval estimation of carcasses buried in shallow graves is a grey area in Nigerian forensic investigations. Most of the investigations and court decisions on the time of death of concealed homicides are based on assumptions in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the post-mortem interval of buried remains in Okuku, Cross River State of Nigeria using porcine models. This study also provided a model account of the pattern and timeline of decomposition of buried remains in Nigeria. Results Four stages of decomposition were identified within the study period which includes fresh, bloat, active decay, and advanced decay stages. Features of bloat stage of decomposition include bloating of the animals and release of putrid odour. The active decay stage was characterized by the absence of maggots, bone exposure, and greyish discolouration of the body. The advanced decay stage of decomposition is characterized by adipocere formation, fungi activities, and bone exposure. Conclusions Buried bodies do not completely skeletonize within 168 days in a typical Nigerian savannah region. Bloat stage started by the 7th day; the active decay stage started by the 14th day. The fresh stage of decay lasted up to 7 days; the bloat stage lasted for 14 days. The active decay stage lasted about 35 days, and the advanced decay stage started at about the 56th day and progressed until the end of the study.

A synthesis of carcass decomposition studies conducted at a tropical (Aw) taphonomy facility: 2013–2022

“…Other tropical decomposition studies, although not seasonal in nature, reported rates of pig carcass breakdown that are comparable to the present findings. These studies were conducted in a forest in Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China [ 58 ], forest-savanna near Okuku, Cross River State, Nigeria [ 20 , 59 , 60 ], Ekwulumini, Anambra State, Nigeria [ 61 ], and Medellín, Colombia [ 62 , 63 ]. These studies show that the decomposition data generated at the Chaminade facility can be representative of decomposition processes in other parts of the tropics.…”