Post-natal oogenesis: a concept for controversy that intensified during the last decade

Esmaeilian, Yashar; Atalay, Arzu; Erdemlı, Esra

doi:10.1017/s0967199413000622

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…These primordial germ cells appear under many guises in current research; often known as germ-line stem cells (Bukovsky et al 2004, Gosden 2004, Byskov et al 2005, Bukovsky 2011, ovarian stem cells (VirantKlun et al 2008, Dunlop et al 2013, Esmaeilian et al 2015, putative stem cells (Bui et al 2014), primordial germ cells (David 1974) and occasionally known as premeiotic germ cells (Niikura et al 2009), ovarian germ stem cells (Patel et al 2013) or oogonial stem cells (Anderson 2013, Imudia et al 2013. In this article, they will be referred to as oocyte-stem cells (OSCs).…”

Section: Origin Of the Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte stem cells: fact or fantasy?

Horan¹,

Williams²

2017

Reproduction

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For many decades, the dogma prevailed that female mammals had a finite pool of oocytes at birth and this was gradually exhausted during a lifetime of reproductive function. However, in 2004, a new era began in the field of female oogenesis. A study was published that appeared to detect oocyte-stem cells capable of generating new eggs within mouse ovaries. This study was highly controversial and the years since this initial finding have produced extensive research and even more extensive debate into their possibility. Unequivocal evidence testifying to the existence of oocyte-stem cells (OSCs) has yet to be produced, meanwhile the spectrum of views from both sides of the debate are wide-ranging and surprisingly passionate. Although recent studies have presented some convincing results that germ cells exist and are capable of creating new oocytes, many questions remain. Are these cells present in humans? Do they exist in physiological conditions in a dormant state? This comprehensive review first examines where and how the dogma of a finite pool was established, how this has been challenged over the years and addresses the most pertinent questions as to the current status of their existence, their role in female fertility, and perhaps most importantly, if they do exist, how can we harness these cells to improve a woman's oocyte reserve and treat conditions such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI: also known as premature ovarian failure, POF).Reproduction (2017) 154 R23-R35

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Section: Origin Of the Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte stem cells: fact or fantasy?

Horan¹,

Williams²

2017

Reproduction

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“…Subsequently, Kingery (1917) reaffirmed this idea, stating that the oocytes degenerated during fetal life are restored by oocytes that develop in the germinal epithelium of the adult ovary. These findings were used to argue that new oocytes emerge from the germinal epithelium as a result of the mitotic division of undifferentiated cells (Allen, 1923; Allen & Creadick, 1937; Esmaeilian et al , 2015). Moreover, classic histological works have showed oogonia with mitotic activity and oocytes in the early stages of meiotic prophase in adult ovaries of lower primates Galago senegalensis (Gerard, 1920, 1932; Gerard & Herlant, 1953; Herlant, 1961; Petter-Rousseaux, 1962; Butler, 1964), G .…”

Section: Evidence Of Neo-oogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, Nanog protein was observed only in the nucleus of the oocytes and it expression was higher in old ovaries. Thus, the authors suggest that pre-puberty and adult mice ovaries harboring cells with stem cells features arguing that the cytoplasmic expression of Oct-4 and Sox2 are translocated into the cytoplasm to the nucleus using a nuclear localization sequence and proceed in the opposite direction through the nuclear export sequence (Whiteside & Goodbourn, 1993; Esmaeilian et al , 2012; Esmaeilian et al , 2015).…”

Section: Evidence Of Neo-oogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry showed that these small PSCs express the major markers of pluripotency (Oct-4A, Sox2, SSEA-4, Sall4, Cdh1 and Lefty1) and PGC markers (Prdm1, Prdm14 and Dppa3). The finding of Prdm1 is critical because is the determining gene for PGCs, plays an important role in tandem with Prdm14 for specifying the PGCs in the epiblast and is critical to the maintenance of unipotent germ cells (Bao et al , 2012; Esmaeilian et al , 2015). In vitro , these cells develop as OLCs in the presence of follicular fluid and express marker characteristics for oocytes (ZP3, SCP3 and c-Kit) (Virant-Klun et al , 2013a, 2013c).…”

Section: Evidence Of Neo-oogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neo-oogenesis in mammals

Porras‐Gómez

Moreno‐Mendoza

2017

Zygote

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Recently, the existence of a mechanism for neo-oogenesis in the ovaries of adult mammals has generated much controversy within reproductive biology. This mechanism, which proposes that the ovary has cells capable of renewing the follicular reserve, has been described for various species of mammals. The first evidence was found in prosimians and humans. However, these findings were not considered relevant because the predominant dogma for reproductive biology at the time was that of Zuckerman. This dogma states that female mammals are born with finite numbers of oocytes that decline throughout postnatal life. Currently, the concept of neo-oogenesis has gained momentum due to the discovery of cells with mitotic activity in adult ovaries of various mammalian species (mice, humans, rhesus monkeys, domestic animals such as pigs, and wild animals such as bats). Despite these reports, the concept of neo-oogenesis has not been widely accepted by the scientific community, generating much criticism and speculation about its accuracy because it has been impossible to reproduce some evidence. This controversy has led to the creation of two positions: one in favour of neo-oogenesis and the other against it. Various animal models have been used in support of both camps, including both classic laboratory animals and domestic and wild animals. The aim of this review is to critically present the current literature on the subject and to evaluate the arguments pro and contra neo-oogenesis in mammals.

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“…As mentioned above and summarized in some review articles (Gheorghisan-Galateanu et al ., 2014; Esmaeilian et al ., 2015; Pan et al ., 2016), the possibility of post-natal oogenesis in the adult mammalian ovaries has led to controversy that has progressively intensified over the last 10 years, and confirmation of this possibility would necessitate the revision of the current classic doctrine of reproductive biology. In this study we investigated the presence of putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in adult mouse ovary and the differentiation potential of these cells into oocytes, neural cells, osteoblasts and chondrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in adult mouse ovary and their in vitro differentiation potential into oocyte-like and somatic cells

Esmaeilian

Atalay

Erdemlı

2017

Zygote

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According to classical knowledge of reproductive biology, in the ovary of female mammals there is a limited number of oocytes and there is no possibility of renewal if the oocytes are lost due to disease or injury. However, in recent years, the results of some studies on renewal and formation of oocytes and follicles in the adult mammalian ovary have led to the questioning of this opinion. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the presence of putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in the adult mouse ovary and their differentiation potential into germ and somatic cells. In ovary tissues and cells harvested from pre-differentiation step, the expression of pluripotent and germline stem cell markers was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Embryoid bodies that formed in this step were analysed using immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Ovarian stem cells were induced to differentiate into oocyte, osteoblast, chondrocyte and neural cells. Besides morphological observation, differentiated cells were analysed by RT-PCR, histochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Expression of germline and pluripotent stem cell markers both in mRNA and at the protein level were detected in the pre-differentiated cells and ovary tissues. As a result of the differentiation process, the formation of oocyte-like cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural cells was observed and characteristics of differentiated cells were confirmed using the methods mentioned above. Our study results revealed that the adult mouse ovary contains germline and pluripotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into oocyte-like cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural cells.

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Post-natal oogenesis: a concept for controversy that intensified during the last decade

Cited by 8 publications

References 113 publications

Oocyte stem cells: fact or fantasy?

Oocyte stem cells: fact or fantasy?

Neo-oogenesis in mammals

Putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in adult mouse ovary and their in vitro differentiation potential into oocyte-like and somatic cells

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