Post-obstruction rat sperm autoantigens identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting

Flickinger, Charles J.; Bush, Leigh Ann; Williams, Mollie V; Naaby-Hansen, Søren; Howards, Stuart S.; Herr, John C.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(98)00090-4

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Obstruction due to the arrival of immature germ cells, multinucleate giant germ cells and macrophages, as observed in the present study, is known in a few experimental situations such as carbendazim treatment of rats (Nakai et al 1993), aflatoxin treatment of mice (Agnes & Akbarsha 2001), phosphamidon treatment of rats (Akbarsha & Sivasamy 1998) and in several cases of vasectomy or ligation of vas deferens (Flickinger et al 1999). In the above situations, the obstructing mass was invariably granuloma.…”

Section: Ductal Obstructionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Aruldhas¹,

Subramanian²,

Sekhar³

et al. 2004

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In order to apprehend the toxic effects of chromium, an occupational/environmental pollutant, on the epididymis, adult bonnet monkeys were exposed to chromium (VI) in their drinking water at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 p.p.m. for a chronic period of 180 days. At the end of the experimental period, testicles and segments of epididymis from control and treated monkeys were subjected to light microscopic (resin-embedded semi-thin sections) and transmission electron microscopic analyses. Among the various changes undergone by the epididymal epithelium, the present paper describes the origin of two different kinds of microcanals, probably caused by ductal obstruction. The first type of microcanal, which appears to provide passage for spermatozoa to bypass the obstructed main duct, is comparable with the one already reported in carbendazimtreated efferent ductules of the rat. The second type of microcanal, which is novel, consisted of a lumen in the epithelium enclosed by four to five cells, which are either modified basal cells, principal cells or a hitherto unknown cell type. This novel type of microcanal is suggested to be a device to entrap the spermatozoa which reach the core of the epithelium and may be a mechanism to prevent extravasation of sperm so as to avoid an autoimmune response of spermatic granuloma formation. Thus, the present study has shown that chronic exposure to chromium (VI) through drinking water can produce pathological manifestations in the epididymal epithelium but the epididymis, being a versatile organ, is capable of overcoming such adverse situations through novel devices.

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Section: Ductal Obstructionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Aruldhas¹,

Subramanian²,

Sekhar³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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“…Therefore, we used postvasectomy rat sera in Western blotting experiments to test whether Sptrx-3 was recognized by postobstruction autoantibodies and could thus be identified as a post-obstruction autoantigen. Adult male Lewis rats weighing 225-275g (Charles River Laboratories) received a bilateral vasectomy under general anesthesia as described previously (39). Sera were collected immediately before the vasectomy and 3 months after the operation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Procedures were conducted with the approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Virginia School of Medicine and in accordance with the National Institutes of Health's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and other relevant publications. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa were obtained by back-flushing fluid from the vas deferens (39). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting were performed as described previously (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicate that Sptrx-3 is a post-obstruction sperm autoantigen, at least in some animals. Because vasectomy mimics immunization of rats with spermatozoa (46), the postvasectomy sera reacted with multiple other protein spots (39,45). Study of a limited set of postvasectomy sera showed that two sera stained spots that comigrated with those bound by anti-SPTRX-3 serum (Fig.…”

Section: Fig 4 Expression Pattern Of Sptrx-3 Protein In Human Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sptrx-3 Is a Postobstruction Sperm Autoantigen-Because Sptrx-2 was previously shown to be an autoantigen (19), we investigated whether Sptrx-3 might also be recognized by postvasectomy sera, which are known to contain antisperm autoantibodies (39). The reaction of anti-SPTRX-3 serum was compared with that of a set of postvasectomy rat sera on two-dimensional blots of sperm proteins.…”

Section: Fig 4 Expression Pattern Of Sptrx-3 Protein In Human Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spermatocyte/Spermatid-specific Thioredoxin-3, a Novel Golgi Apparatus-associated Thioredoxin, Is a Specific Marker of Aberrant Spermatogenesis

Jiménez

Wei

Rawe

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Mammalian germ cells are endowed with a complete set of thioredoxins (Trx), a class of redox proteins located in specific structures of the spermatid and sperm tail. We report here the characterization, under normal and pathological conditions, of a novel thioredoxin with a germ line-restricted expression pattern, named spermatocyte/spermatid-specific thioredoxin-3 (SPTRX-3). The human SPTRX-3 gene maps at 9q32, only 50 kb downstream from the TRX-1 gene from which it probably originated as genomic duplication. Therefore, human SPTRX-3 protein comprises a unique thioredoxin domain displaying high homology with the ubiquitously expressed TRX-1. Among the tissues investigated, Sptrx-3 mRNA is found exclusively in the male germ cells at pachytene spermatocyte and round spermatid stages. Light and electron microscopy show SPTRX-3 protein to be predominately located in the Golgi apparatus of pachytene spermatocytes and round and elongated spermatids, with a transient localization in the developing acrosome of round spermatids. In addition, increased levels of SPTRX-3, possibly caused by overexpression, are observed in morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa from infertile men. In addition, SPTRX-3 is identified as a novel postobstruction autoantigen. In this report, we propose that SPTRX-3 can be used as a specific marker for diverse sperm and testis pathologies. SPTRX-3 is the first thioredoxin specific to the Golgi apparatus, and its function within this organelle might be related to the post-translational modification of proteins required for germ cell-specific functions, such as acrosomal biogenesis.

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The Association Between Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer

et al. 2017

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IMPORTANCE Despite 3 decades of study, there remains ongoing debate regarding whether vasectomy is associated with prostate cancer.OBJECTIVE To determine if vasectomy is associated with prostate cancer.DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for studies indexed from database inception to March 21, 2017, without language restriction.STUDY SELECTION Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies reporting relative effect estimates for the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISTwo investigators performed study selection independently. Data were pooled separately by study design type using random-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was any diagnosis of prostate cancer. Secondary outcomes were high-grade, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer.RESULTS Fifty-three studies (16 cohort studies including 2 563 519 participants, 33 case-control studies including 44 536 participants, and 4 cross-sectional studies including 12 098 221 participants) were included. Of these, 7 cohort studies (44%), 26 case-control studies (79%), and all 4 cross-sectional studies were deemed to have a moderate to high risk of bias. Among studies deemed to have a low risk of bias, a weak association was found among cohort studies (7 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; P < .001; I 2 = 9%) and a similar but nonsignificant association was found among case-control studies (6 studies; adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.88-1.29; P = .54; I 2 = 37%). Effect estimates were further from the null when studies with a moderate to high risk of bias were included. Associations between vasectomy and high-grade prostate cancer (6 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.21; P = .67; I 2 = 55%), advanced prostate cancer (6 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.20; P = .11; I 2 = 18%), and fatal prostate cancer (5 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.14; P = .68; I 2 = 26%) were not significant (all cohort studies). Based on these data, a 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%) absolute increase in lifetime risk of prostate cancer associated with vasectomy and a population-attributable fraction of 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.9%) were calculated.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This review found no association between vasectomy and high-grade, advanced-stage, or fatal prostate cancer. There was a weak association between vasectomy and any prostate cancer that was closer to the null with increasingly robust study design. This association is unlikely to be causal and should not preclude the use of vasectomy as a long-term contraceptive option.

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Post-obstruction rat sperm autoantigens identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Microcanalization in the epididymis to overcome ductal obstruction caused by chronic exposure to chromium – a study in the mature bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata Geoffroy)

Spermatocyte/Spermatid-specific Thioredoxin-3, a Novel Golgi Apparatus-associated Thioredoxin, Is a Specific Marker of Aberrant Spermatogenesis

The Association Between Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer

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