Post-Perestroika Ethnic Migration from the Former Soviet Union: Challenges Twenty Years On

Changes in Turkish- and Resettler-origin Adolescents’ Acculturation Profiles of Identification: A Three-year Longitudinal Study from Germany

“…Thus, the assumption that those national group boundaries are more permeable for resettler-origin youth than for Turkish-origin youth may not hold. There is research to suggest that resettler-origin individuals expected to be treated and accepted as co-nationals before migrating to Germany (Hess 2016 ). In reality, they still face discrimination in German society (e.g., being labeled as “Russians”), resettler-origin youth are often associated with delinquency in public discourse (Titzmann et al 2014 ), and their parents often struggle to get foreign degrees recognized and thus have to work in occupations below their levels of qualification (Haberfeld et al 2011 ).…”

Changes in Turkish- and resettler-origin adolescents’ acculturation profiles of identification: A three-year longitudinal study from Germany

“…Thus, the assumption that those national group boundaries are more permeable for resettler-origin youth than for Turkish-origin youth may not hold. There is research to suggest that resettler-origin individuals expected to be treated and accepted as conationals before migrating to Germany (Hess, 2016). In reality, they still face discrimination in Germany society (e.g., being labelled as "Russians"), resettler-origin youth are often associated with delinquency in public discourse (Titzmann, Silbereisen, & Mesch, 2014), and their parents often struggle to get foreign degrees recognized and thus have to work in occupations below their levels of qualification (Haberfeld, Cohen, Kalter, & Kogan, 2011).…”

Privileged Exclusion in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Ethnic Return Migration, Citizenship, and the Politics of (Not) Belonging

“…While 'citizenship' refers to a person's legal relationship with a state, 'belonging' denotes the extent of emotional attachment to a particular place. Given that even immigrants who share cultural and physical traits can be racialised as outsiders, as East Germans and Soviet Germans experienced in reunified Germany (Sassen 1999, p. xvi;Hess 2016), these cases clearly suggest that citizenship does not always guarantee a sense of belonging. Yuval-Davis (2011) emphasises that political processes play an active role in constructing and reproducing the boundaries of the political community.…”

“…According to a World Bank study, Kazakhstan was ranked seventh amongst migrant-sending countries and ninth amongst migrant-receiving countries in 2003 (Mansoor & Quillan 2006, p. 25). Cultural discrimination combined with ethnic repatriation programmes in Germany and Israel have led many Germans, Jews, and Slavs to leave Kazakhstan (Iglicka 1998;Pilkington 1998;Brown 2005;Peyrouse 2007;Hess 2016). At the same time, economic growth aided by the burgeoning oil and gas industry has attracted a large number of labourers from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan who enter Kazakhstan legally through the visa-free system.…”