Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels

Tschöp, Matthias H.; Wawarta, Rainer; Riepl, Rudolf L.; Friedrich, Stefanie; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Landgraf, R.; Folwaczny, C

doi:10.1007/bf03351037

Cited by 622 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[4][5][6] Reduced levels have been reported in obese subjects, 7,8 whereas increased concentrations have been found in patients with anorexia nervosa. 8,9 A preprandial rise 10 and a postprandial fall 11 in ghrelin levels indicate a physiological role of food on ghrelin secretion in humans. However, in obese subjects, food fails to suppress ghrelin levels, 12,13 or has an impaired suppressive effect compared with normal weight controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

et al. 2006

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Objective: It has been proposed that the success of maintained weight loss in morbidly obese subjects following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery depends on inappropriately low circulating concentrations of the appetite-stimulating peptide ghrelin, being unresponsive to food intake. In this study, this hypothesis was examined. Design: Cross-sectional study with repeated blood samples in 40 subjects after 14 h of prolonged overnight fasting followed by a standardized mixed meal (770 kcal). Subjects: Twenty men and 20 women were included: 10 middle-aged morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) 43.973.3 kg/ m 2 ), 10 middle-aged subjects who had undergone RYGBP at the Uppsala University Hospital (BMI 34.775.8 kg/m 2 ), 10 middleaged non-obese (BMI 23.572.2 kg/m 2 ) and 10 young non-obese (BMI 22.771.8 kg/m 2 ). Measurements: Ghrelin, glucose and insulin levels were analysed pre-and postprandially. Results: In the morbidly obese, ghrelin concentrations were lower in the morning than in the RYGBP group and did not change following the meal. In the RYGBP group, fasting ghrelin levels fell after meal intake and showed similar suppression as both agematched and young non-obese controls. The RYGBP surgery resulted in an increased meal-induced insulin secretion, which was related to the degree of postprandial ghrelin suppression. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates low circulating concentrations of ghrelin and blunted responses to fast and feeding in morbidly obese subjects. Marked weight reduction after RYGBP at our hospital is followed by a normalization of ghrelin secretion, illustrated by increased fasting levels compared to the preoperative obese state and regain of meal-induced ghrelin suppression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

et al. 2006

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“…Previous studies found marked individual variation in the changes in plasma ghrelin concentration after a standard meal, with the lowest concentration 1-4 h after the meal. Tschop et al (2001) reported that the plasma ghrelin levels were lowest 2 h after the meal, but Cummings et al (2001) reported that the lowest point was reached within 1 h after the meal. In contrast, Shiiya et al (2002) pointed out that the plasma ghrelin concentration declined to the very bottom 2 h after breakfast and 4 h after lunch and dinner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its level increases dramatically just before a meal and decreases within 1-4 h after the meal. However, many previous studies have examined the changes in plasma ghrelin levels after eating standardized meals with fixed calories at scheduled mealtimes (Cummings et al, 2001;Tschop et al, 2001;Shiiya et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-prandial plasma ghrelin levels in people with different breakfast hours

Kim

Lee

et al. 2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: To investigate the changes in post-meal plasma ghrelin levels in people with different breakfast hours. Design and interventions: The subjects adhered to strict breakfast times starting 2 weeks before the study. Blood was drawn hourly from 0530 or 0630 until 1130. Plasma ghrelin, leptin, and insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Setting: Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea. Subjects: A total of 16 healthy volunteers. Results: The mean plasma ghrelin level in subjects consuming breakfast was 548.77239.6 fmol/ml before breakfast and 384.87168.7 fmol/ml 1 h after breakfast, with leptin levels of 6.872.6 and 6.572.5 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma ghrelin levels were lowest 1 h after the meal, although the breakfast times differed. The plasma ghrelin level was lowest at 0730 in subjects not eating breakfast. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the plasma ghrelin levels are lowest 1 h after breakfast despite the variance in breakfast times. This timing might best reflect an individual's plasma ghrelin level and enable reasonable comparisons.

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“…These findings and the observations that circulating ghrelin levels are increased prior to a meal and during food deprivation and caloric restriction, as well as in disease states such as anorexia and cachexia, but reduced after a meal and in obesity (Ikezaki et al 2002;Liu et al 2008;Shiiya et al 2002;Tschop et al 2001aTschop et al , 2001bVan der Lely et al 2004;Yang et al 2007), strongly implicate ghrelin being involved in the regulatory processes controlling meal initiation, priming metabolic pathways and leading to more efficient calorie storage.…”

Section: Page 5 Of 37mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ghrelin neutralization during fasting-refeeding cycle impairs the recuperation of body weight and alters hepatic energy metabolism

Sangiao‐Alvarellos

Helmling

Vázquez

et al. 2011

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Ghrelin neutralization during fasting-refeeding cycle impairs the recuperation of body weight and alters hepatic energy metabolism.. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Elsevier, 2011, 335 (2) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Page 1 of 37A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 ABSTRACT Ghrelin, a hormone whose levels increase during food deprivation, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism and storage, as well as in insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the effects of acyl-ghrelin neutralization with the acyl-ghrelin-binding compound NOX-B11(2) during the fasting-refeeding cycle. Our data demonstrate that ghrelin neutralization with NOX-B11(2) impairs recuperation of lost body weight after food deprivation. Analysis of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in liver of fed, fasted and refed rats revealed that neutralization of acyl-ghrelin resulted in minor decreases in the enzymes of glycolytic and lipogenic pathways during fasting. However, during refeeding these enzymes as well as glycogen levels recovered more slowly when acyl-ghrelin was blocked. The high levels of ghrelin in response to food deprivation may contribute to an adequate decrease in hepatic glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes and aid in the recovery of body weight and energetic reserves once food becomes available after the fasting period.

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Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels

Cited by 622 publications

References 9 publications

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

Meal suppression of circulating ghrelin is normalized in obese individuals following gastric bypass surgery

Post-prandial plasma ghrelin levels in people with different breakfast hours

Ghrelin neutralization during fasting-refeeding cycle impairs the recuperation of body weight and alters hepatic energy metabolism

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