Post-pyrolysis treatments of biochars from sewage sludge and A. mearnsii for ammonia (NH4-n) recovery

Beckinghausen, Aubrey; Reynders, Jonathan; Merckel, Ryan David; Wu, Yun Wen; Marais, H. L.; Schwede, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115212

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Considering industrial wastewater, this concentration is not exceptionally high. Due to the limited adsorption capacity of the studied chars, the available sorption sites are saturated quickly, and large char volumes would be needed for efficient enough water purification [47]. From a practical point of view, exceptional chars with a multiple adsorption capacity in comparison to the chars of this study would probably be needed for the economic production of bio-based fertilizer chars enriched with NH 4 -N.…”

Section: Practical Considerations On the Production And Fertilizer Value Of N Enriched Charsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers

Keskinen

Nikama

Kaseva

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose Charred materials are low in bioavailable nitrogen (N) due to gaseous losses and the formation of recalcitrant structures during pyrolysis. Enriching chars with N from wastewaters offers a possibility to upgrade the agronomic value of the chars and manage the liquids. For assessing the practical feasibility of the approach, more information on the extent of the retention and release of the loaded N is needed. Methods The ammonium-N (NH4-N) retention capacity of chars derived from sewage sludge (SS_A-C), Salix wood (SA), broiler manure (BR) and coal (LG85) was determined via equilibrations in solutions containing 400, 1500 and 5000 mg NH4-N L−1. Plant availability of the loaded N in SS_C, SA and BR was studied in a pot experiment with ryegrass. Results Differences in the total N retention of moist chars were small. The amount of N retained increased with increase in the solution N and was at the highest 2–4 g NH4-N L−1 char. In four consecutive ryegrass harvests, the apparent N recoveries were 67, 47 and 34% for SA, BR and SS_C treatments. No slow release of N was observed. Conclusion Considering crop production, the amounts of N retained within the studied chars in bioavailable form were small. Chars with a higher N retention capacity would be needed for an efficient cascade from water purification to fertilizer use. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Practical Considerations On the Production And Fertilizer Value Of N Enriched Charsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported values mainly range from zero adsorption or a slight N release up to around 10 mg NH 4 -N retention per g char, with the values centering below 5 mg g −1 [e.g. 20,24,25,29,30,33,[47][48][49]. Only in single studies have the adsorption of several dozens [22,23] or over 100 mg NH 4 -N g −1 char [26] been reported.…”

Section: Nitrogen Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers

Keskinen

Nikama

Kaseva

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…The addition of silver nanoparticles prepared this way enhanced the sensitivity of the fabricated electrode towards the oxidation of both dopamine and hydrogen peroxide, which occurred at a physiological pH, by a diffusion-controlled process, and with a linear increase in peak current with different concentrations of both products [139]. A. mearnsii Tannin extract from bark Stabilizer for low-density polyethylene films [129] Superparamagnetic nanoparticles [130] Nanocellulose films [131] Nanofiber membranes [132] Encapsulated nanoparticles [133] Lactic-co-glycolic acid microparticles drug carriers [134] Spent bark from tannin production Filler in polypropylene composites [135] Cellulose nanocrystals [136] Adsorbent (dyes) [137] Biochar from woodchips (activated) Adsorbent (ammonium) [138] A. melanoxylon Water extract from leaves Colloidal silver nanoparticles [139] A. saligna Silver nanoparticles from water leaves extract Adsorbent (dyes) [140] Water leaves extract Corrosion inhibitor [141] Superparamagnetic nanoparticles based on a core consisting of iron oxides can have relevant applications, such as biomedical uses as drug delivery systems or as adsorbents to remove pollutants from wastewaters [142]. Research for the preparation of these materials in an eco-friendly way is important for the sustainability of the process, and the use of green processes and biobased nanoparticles were investigated by Khan et al [130], using a tannin extract of A. mearnsii.…”

Section: Micro and Nanomaterials From Leaves And Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beckinghausen et al [138] tried the removal of ammonium from artificial wastewater (1000 mg/L of ammonium solution) in a fixed-bed column, using activated biochar made from A. mearnsii woodchips. The woodchips were carbonized at 400 • C for two hours and then two activation processes were compared-steam activation at 850 • C and hydrogen peroxide activation by shaking the biochar in a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution.…”

Section: Alternative Adsorbents From Bark Wood and Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steam activation proved to be the most suitable activation method, producing a material with a surface area of 340 m 2 /g, with an adsorption capacity of 1651 µg of ammonium per gram of adsorbent. Moreover, the steam activation decreased the desorption capacity of the ammonium-loaded adsorbent, making it suitable to use as a solid fertilizer, improving soil nitrogen content and plant growth [138]. The process needs to be improved to increase the adsorption capacity for ammonium, but this approach has the advantage of producing a material that can remove ammonium from wastewater, and then be used as a soil fertilizer, returning a considerable amount of carbon into the earth [138].…”

Section: Alternative Adsorbents From Bark Wood and Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights for the Valorization of Biomass from Portuguese Invasive Acacia spp. in a Biorefinery Perspective

Correia

Quintela²,

Duarte

et al. 2020

Forests

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Acacia spp. are widespread all over the Portuguese territory, representing a threat to local biodiversity and to the productivity of the forest sector. The measures adopted in some countries for their eradication or to control their propagation are expensive, have been considered unfeasible from practical and economical perspectives, and have generated large amounts of residue that must be valorized in a sustainable way. This review brings together information on the valorization of bark, wood, leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, roots, and exudates from Acacia spp., through the production of high-value bioactive extracts (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, anthelmintic, or pesticidal agents, suitable to be explored by pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food and feed industries), its incorporation in innovative materials (e.g., polymers and composites, nanomaterials, low-cost adsorbents), as well as through the application of advanced thermochemical processes (e.g., flash pyrolysis) and pre-treatments to decompose biomass in its structural components, regarding the production of biofuels along with valuable chemicals derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The knowledge of this research is important to encourage an efficient and sustainable valorization of Acacia spp. within a biorefinery concept, which can bring a significant economic return from the valorization of these residues, simultaneously contributing to forest cleaning and management, to reduce the risk of fires, and to improve the social-economic development of rural areas.

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A kinetics study of microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corn stalk mixture

Qu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS), corn stalk (CS), and their mixture under both direct and indirect microwave heating was carried out in a prototype microwave thermogravimetric reactor at high heating rates, 179 and 203 K/min, respectively. It was found that the samples could be heated up rapidly by direct microwave heating, while there is a temperature lag of the sample to the heated reactor wall in indirect heating. The Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods were used to analyze the thermogravimetric data of SS, CS, and their mixture under direct microwave heating. When the FWO method was used, the average activation energies of SS, CS, and their mixture were obtained as 6.0, 18.9, and 39.8 kJ/mol, respectively. When the KAS method was used, the average activation energies of CS and mixture were 12.6 and 31.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Those values are much lower than reported under conventional heating, and likely result from the interaction of microwave irradiation and the biomass samples. The reaction kinetics of directly microwave‐heated biomass pyrolysis from this study provide essential data for modelling, scaling, and designing the microwave‐assisted in‐situ catalytic pyrolysis reactors with mixed biomass and catalyst particles.

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Post-pyrolysis treatments of biochars from sewage sludge and A. mearnsii for ammonia (NH4-n) recovery

Cited by 32 publications

References 53 publications

Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers

Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers

Insights for the Valorization of Biomass from Portuguese Invasive Acacia spp. in a Biorefinery Perspective

A kinetics study of microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corn stalk mixture

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