Post-stress glucose consumption facilitates hormesis and resilience to severe stress

Plumb, Traci N.; Conoscenti, Michael A; Minor, Thomas R.; Fanselow, Michael S.

doi:10.1080/10253890.2021.1931677

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Rats that received MVS shock were exposed to 15, 1.0 mA fixed-duration (1 second) and inescapable tail shocks on a variable-time 360-s schedule (range: 120 to 900 s) in restraining tubes during a 90-min stress pretreatment session. The specific HVS and MVS parameters were chosen to mimic previously published work that produced stress-induced shuttle-escape deficits [ 36 ] or stress-enhanced fear learning [ 31 ]. However, prior research with the MVS SEFL procedure always used footshock while prior work with HVS LH primarily used tailshock.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable consequences of moderate and high volume stress are mediated by the differential energetic demands of stress

2022

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Exposure to traumatic stress leads to persistent, deleterious behavioral and biological changes in both human and non-human species. The effects of stress are not always consistent, however, as exposure to different stressors often leads to heterogeneous effects. The intensity of the stressor may be a key factor in determining the consequences of stress. While it is difficult to quantify intensity for many stress types, electric shock exposure provides us with a stressor that has quantifiable parameters (presentation length x intensity x number = shock volume). Therefore, to test the procedural differences in shock volume that may account for some reported heterogeneity, we used two common shock procedures. Learned helplessness is a commonly reported behavioral outcome, highlighted by a deficit in subsequent shuttle-box escape, which requires a relatively high-volume stress (HVS) of about 100 uncontrollable shocks. Conversely, stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) is another common behavioral outcome that requires a relatively moderate-volume stress (MVS) of only 15 shocks. We exposed rats to HVS, MVS, or no stress (NS) and examined the effects on subsequent fear learning and normal weight gain. We found doubly dissociable effects of the two levels of stress. MVS enhanced contextual fear learning but did not impact weight, while HVS produced the opposite pattern. In other words, more stress does not simply lead to greater impairment. We then tested the hypothesis that the different stress-induced sequalae arouse from an energetic challenge imposed on the hippocampus by HVS but not MVS. HVS rats that consumed a glucose solution did exhibit SEFL. Furthermore, rats exposed to MVS and glucoprivated during single-trial context conditioning did not exhibit SEFL. Consistent with the hypothesis that the inability of HVS to enhance fear learning is because of an impact on the hippocampus, HVS did enhance hippocampus-independent auditory fear learning. Finally, we provide evidence that stressors of different volumes produce dissociable changes in glutamate receptor proteins in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH). The data indicate that while the intensity of stress is a critical determinant of stress-induced phenotypes that effect is nonlinear.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%