Post Stroke Shoulder Pain is Related to Disturbed Shoulder Kinematics

Tracking changes in glenohumeral joint position in acute post-stroke hemiparetic patients: an observational study

“…Reduction in glenohumeral joint elevation and scapulohumeral rhythm during active movement has been demonstrated in people post-stroke using three-dimensional electromagnetic device (ETD) based protocols (Niessen et al, 2008;Rundquist et al, 2012). Excessive anterior and inferior movement of the glenoid fossa occurs at rest and during post-stroke shoulder movement and is associated with glenohumeral joint subluxation (Vidal & Pascoal, 2011).…”

“…ETDs have been used in participants in the subacute to chronic phase post-stroke, to determine the position of both scapulae and humerus on the hemiparetic (Culham, Noce, & Bagg, 1995;Hardwick & Lang, 2011b;Niessen et al, 2008;Rundquist et al, 2012) and non-hemiparetic sides (Meskers et al, 2005), as well as the extent of active range of movement of the shoulder (Beebe & Lang, 2009). The reliability of determining GHJC with an ETD using a sphere-fitting method, has not been determined in the acute phase post-stroke.…”

“…This study used the standardised measurement protocol established by the International Society of Biomechanics (Wu et al, 2005). The protocol has been previously validated in a younger population (Meskers et al, 1998;Mills et al, 2007) as well as in a subacute stroke population (Niessen et al, 2008).…”

“…Though ETDs have not previously been used to measure GHJC in stroke participants, they have been used to measure humeral and scapular position in people with stroke (Culham et al, 1995;Niessen et al, 2008) (Beebe & Lang, 2009). In people with stroke with low muscle tone, greater glenohumeral subluxation and positioning of the scapula lower and further from the midline, have been shown at rest compared to stroke participants with high tone (Culham et al, 1995).…”

“…However, these have only been used in the healthy (Campbell, Lloyd, Alderson, & Elliott, 2009;Monnet, Desailly, Begon, Vallee, & Lacouture, 2007) or non-stroke (Rettig et al, 2013) population. Electromagnetic tracking devices have been used in the stroke population to measure scapular position during humeral movement in the subacute phase (Beebe & Lang, 2009;Meskers, Koppe, Konijnenbelt, Veeger, & Janssen, 2005;Niessen et al, 2008;Price, Rodgers, Franklin, Curless, & Johnson, 2001) or chronic phase (Hardwick & Lang, 2011a;Massie, Malcolm, Greene, & Browning, 2012;Rundquist, Dumit, Hartley, & Kendall, 2012) but have not yet been used to measure changes within the glenohumeral joint centre during the acute post-stroke phase. Furthermore, changes in the position of the glenohumeral joint centre may be influenced by demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, whether the left or right side has been affected by the stroke, hand dominance, motor recovery and muscle tone, but have not been explored in an acute stroke population.…”