Post-synthetically modified hierarchical Mordenite and ZSM-5 zeolite and their catalytic performances in benzylation of acetic acid to benzyl acetate

Micro‐Mesoporous Hierarchical Beta Zeolite and its Catalytic Application in Acetic Acid Benzylation

“…Table 5 indicates that the activation energy of the alkali-modified and parent Beta is lower than the previously reported values. [4,29,73] It is evident that the activation energy for AA benzylation with BA is at its lowest in the case of the alkali-modified sample. Figure S7 showcases the correlation between ln k and 1/T for both parent and alkali-modified Beta.…”

“…[59][60][61] Another peak around 0 ppm is observed, which is assigned to the octahedral Al species [as extra-framework aluminum (EFAL)], and its intensity is slightly higher for the modified zeolite due to decreased symmetry of some Al sites. [56,60,61] The 29 Si MAS NMR spectra of parent and hierarchical zeolites (Figure 3) show signals at ca. À 110 ppm and ca.…”

“…A linear plot of -ln (1-X AA ) against time was generated (Figure S6), which is consistent with previous research. [4,29,73] Linear regression analysis was performed using the software Origin2021, and the value of k was obtained from the slope of the trend line. Results indicate that the rate constant, k, increased with increasing temperature (Table S3).…”

“…The rate at which benzyl alcohol benzylates acetic acid can be accurately described using first order reaction kinetics, as evidenced by empirical data presented in scholarly literature. [4,29,73] This phenomenon can be expressed mathematically through the following equation ( 1).…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Recently the effect of many zeolites has been investigated in benzylation of acetic acid reaction. Instead of mineral acids, zeolites like Beta, ZSM-5, Mordenite, USY, Y, X and Meso ZSM-5 (SO 3 H-CTAB)-MW [25][26][27][28][29] were employed as heterogeneous catalysts in benzylation reaction, owing to their high acidity, low corrosivity, strong thermal stability. Nevertheless, diffusional constraint occurs for bulky substrates when using small pore zeolites [30] resulting in poor selectivity and catalyst deactivation.…”