Post-translational control of nitrate reductase activity responding to light and photosynthesis evolved already in the early vascular plants

Nemie-Feyissa, Dugassa; Królicka, Adriana; Førland, Nina; Hansen, Margarita; Heidari, Behzad Shiroud; Lillo, Cathrine

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2012.12.010

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In plants, NR is present in cytosol that catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Several studies have shown that NR is regulated by nitrate ions, light, growth conditions, hormones, reduced nitrogen metabolites as well as by phosphorylation . Nitrate can be stored in plant cells without toxic effects, but nitrite is toxic and must be metabolized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase expression and activity in response to different nitrogen sources in nitrogen‐starved wheat seedlings

Balotf

Kavoosi

Kholdebarin

2015

Biotech and App Biochem

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The objective of this study was to examine the expression and activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.7.1.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.2.2), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.7.1) in response to potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate in nitrogen-starved wheat seedlings. Plants were grown in standard nutrient solution for 17 days and then subjected to nitrogen starvation for 7 days. The starved plants were supplied with potassium nitrate ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride (50 mM) for 4 days and the leaves were harvested. The relative expression of NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT as well as the enzyme activities were investigated. Nitrogen starvation caused a significant decrease both in transcript levels and in NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities. Potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate treatments restored NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT expressions and activities. Ammonium chloride increased only the expressions and activities of GS and GOGAT in a dose-dependent manner. The results of our study highlight the differential effects between the type and the amount of nitrogen salts on NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities in wheat seedlings while potassium nitrate being more effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase expression and activity in response to different nitrogen sources in nitrogen‐starved wheat seedlings

Balotf

Kavoosi

Kholdebarin

2015

Biotech and App Biochem

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“…It is well known that NR is positively regulated by light at the transcriptional level (Hageman & Flesher, 1960;Creighton et al, 2017). Furthermore, NR activity is inhibited by phosphorylation at a conserved serine residue when plants are transferred from light to darkness (Nemie-Feyissa et al, 2013). Indeed, NR activity is enhanced drastically by light exposure in reproductive-stage yarrow plants; and in the vegetative stage, shaded plants accumulate nitrate in leaves and roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of shading and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen metabolism, essential oil content and antimicrobial activity of Achillea millefolium

Lima

da-Silva

Mariot

et al. 2020

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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The Achillea millefolium L. is a perennial herb with important antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antioxidant properties. This research aimed to investigate the effect of shading (75%; black net) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 75 and 150 kg urea ha-1) on the nitrogen metabolism, essential oil yield and antimicrobial activity of A. millefolium at vegetative- and reproductive-stage. The evaluated parameters varied depending on the organ and the phenological stage of the plant considered. Overall, our findings indicated that shading decreased nitrogen assimilation. Decreased activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase were observed on shaded plants during reproductive and vegetative stages, respectively. Nitrate and total amino acid levels increased in shaded plants at the vegetative stage. Regarding nitrogen supply, the improved nitrogen metabolism and essential oil yield values were accompanied by intermediate concentrations of urea (75 kg ha-1). Plants fertilized with 75 kg urea ha-1 produced the highest amino acids concentration (vegetative stage), ammonium concentration (vegetative stage) and essential oil yield (reproductive stage). Shading or nitrogen supply did not influence the microbial activity of A. millefolium essential oil. However, the essential oil of leaves and flowers were highly effective against fungi and bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, the current study showed that full light and 75 kg urea ha-1 enhanced the nitrogen metabolism of A. millefolium in both vegetative and reproductive stages.

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“…The phosphorylation motif in NR is conserved from the first vascular plants (Selaginella) to higher plants, but not in algae or moss (Nemie‐Feyissa et al . ). The rapid regulation of NR by photosynthesis appears to have evolved in parallel with development of advanced stomata to control gas exchange and water loss and altogether enabled plants to stretch up much higher above the ground than the first land plants (mosses).…”

Section: Pp2a Catalytic Subunits In Yeast Mammals and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Lillo ; Nemie‐Feyissa et al . ), but it is still not clear what kind of signal is transferred from the chloroplasts to the cytosol to induce NR activation (Provan & Lillo ; Lillo ; Fig. a, i).…”

Section: Pp2a Catalytic Subunits In Yeast Mammals and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unknown substrates are named S, and P indicates that the protein is phosphorylated. photosynthesis and activation of NR at the post-translational level has been well documented in various plants (Kaiser & Brendle-Behnisch 1991;Mackintosh et al 1992;Lillo 1994;Nemie-Feyissa et al 2013), but it is still not clear what kind of signal is transferred from the chloroplasts to the cytosol to induce NR activation (Provan & Lillo 1999;Lillo 2008;Fig. 4a, i).…”

Section: Pp2a and Photosynthetic Active Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6: mediators and regulators in development and responses to environmental cues

Lillo

Kataya

Heidari

et al. 2014

Plant Cell & Environment

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The three closely related groups of serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6 are conserved throughout eukaryotes. The catalytic subunits are present in trimeric and dimeric complexes with scaffolding and regulatory subunits that control activity and confer substrate specificity to the protein phosphatases. In Arabidopsis, three scaffolding (A subunits) and 17 regulatory (B subunits) proteins form complexes with five PP2A catalytic subunits giving up to 255 possible combinations. Three SAP-domain proteins act as regulatory subunits of PP6. Based on sequence similarities with proteins in yeast and mammals, two putative PP4 regulatory subunits are recognized in Arabidopsis. Recent breakthroughs have been made concerning the functions of some of the PP2A and PP6 regulatory subunits, for example the FASS/TON2 in regulation of the cellular skeleton, B' subunits in brassinosteroid signalling and SAL proteins in regulation of auxin transport. Reverse genetics is starting to reveal also many more physiological functions of other subunits. A system with key regulatory proteins (TAP46, TIP41, PTPA, LCMT1, PME-1) is present in all eukaryotes to stabilize, activate and inactivate the catalytic subunits. In this review, we present the status of knowledge concerning physiological functions of PP2A, PP4 and PP6 in Arabidopsis, and relate these to yeast and mammals.

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Post-translational control of nitrate reductase activity responding to light and photosynthesis evolved already in the early vascular plants

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase expression and activity in response to different nitrogen sources in nitrogen‐starved wheat seedlings

Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase expression and activity in response to different nitrogen sources in nitrogen‐starved wheat seedlings

Effect of shading and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen metabolism, essential oil content and antimicrobial activity of Achillea millefolium

Protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6: mediators and regulators in development and responses to environmental cues

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