Post-traumatic and non-traumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I

Abstract

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an umbrella term covering different clinical scenarios. It is a rare condition characterized by regional persisting pain, disproportionate to its underlying cause, usually coupled with sensorimotor, vasomotor, sudomotor, and trophic abnormalities. Different forms of CRPS have been identified: CRPS type I (algodystrophy); CRPS type II (causalgia); CRPS-NOS (not otherwise specified), and CRPS with remission of some features (CRSF). The pathophysiology of algodystrophy is probably related to multiple mechanisms, such as abnormal inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction, and maladaptive neuroplasticity. In most cases this condition is related to traumatic injuries or fractures, most frequently located at the distal upper limb, although in some patients no related triggering factor can be found. Algodystrophy occurrence after non-orthopedic surgery or procedures, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, cardiac ablation, hemodialysis, or transplantation, is rare and underestimated. Imaging can assist clinicians in the very challenging differential diagnosis of CRPS. To prevent severe and disabling consequences, international guidelines suggest a prompt multimodal approach to algodystrophy, including pharmacological (bisphosphonates, particularly neridronate) and non-pharmacological (i.e., rehabilitation interventions) measures.

Complex regional pain syndrome: diagnostic challenges and favorable response to prednisolone

“…Phenotypically two types have been described including inflammato- ry or warm CRPS, and chronic or cold CRPS [ 5 ], where the majority are usually the cold type [ 6 ] like the patient we describe in this report.…”

“…Recently two more subtypes have been identified including CRPS-NOS (not otherwise specified) which refers to cases where individuals exhibit symptoms partially meeting CRPS criteria, yet cannot be attributed to any other specific condition and CRPS with remission of some features (CRSF) where certain characteristics of CRPS are in remission [ 5 ].…”

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in a Non-traumatic Case: A Case Report

“…Traumatic CRPS usually occurs following an injury, surgery, stroke, or heart attack. On the other hand, non-traumatic CRPS is more likely to occur during times of severe exhaustion and emotional stress [ 11 ]. The pain is disproportionate to the extent of the initial damage.…”