Post-traumatic cognitions as a mediator of the relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents

Kaźmierczak, Izabela; Strelau, Jan; Zawadzki, Bogdan

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.06.014

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The current findings agree with recent theoretical framework claiming that cognitions about self have some hierarchical preference that drives other belief systems leading survivors of CSA to focus more on self-attributions in the processing of the abuse and its aftermath (Kaźmierczak, Strelau, & Zawadzki, 2016). This is consistent with the recent cognitive approach focusing on cognitive distortions, which propose that the perception of the world and the determination of the meaning of events turn out to be dependent on individual's core beliefs about self.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

World assumptions and posttraumatic stress in a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study.

Ferrajão

Elklit

2020

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: The present study examined the bidirectional relation of world assumptions to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, that is, if world assumptions affect subsequent PTSD symptoms levels and also if PTSD symptoms affect subsequent levels of world assumptions, in survivors of childhood sexual abuse during treatment for PTSD. Method: Sample included 797 individuals who were sexually abused in childhood. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the bidirectional relation of world assumptions to PTSD symptoms, at three points in time: at the beginning of psychotherapeutic treatment and at 6 months and 12 months after. Results: Mean scores on both Worthiness of the Self and Benevolence of World scales increased over the course of treatment. Scores on Worthiness of the Self predicted subsequent scores on PTSD symptoms levels and scores on PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent scores on Worthiness of the Self. Higher scores on the Benevolence of the World at the beginning of the treatment predicted lower PTSD symptoms levels at 6 months into treatment. Conclusions: Findings suggest that both beliefs about the self and the benevolence of the world are involved in recovery from PTSD. Interventions to rebuild realistic beliefs about the self and world seem to be critical to achieve this outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

World assumptions and posttraumatic stress in a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study.

Ferrajão

Elklit

2020

Psychology of Violence

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“…Assumptions that are particularly prone to being undermined include an individual's self-esteem and how benevolently and meaningfully they perceive the world (Janoff-Bulman 1989, 1992. As Kaźmierczak et al (2016) demonstrated in a longitudinal study, the increase of negative cognitions regarding the self constitutes the basic mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of posttraumatic psychological consequences.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 90%

Describing a critical life event and its psychological consequences: The type of language used by patients suffering from depression and its relationship with personality development

et al. 2020

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Information on personality development (and its linguistic predictors) in the aftermath of a critical life event among depressive patients is relatively limited. The study's aim was to verify two hypotheses: (1) Participants with depression will use concrete rather than abstract language to describe their most recent critical life event and its psychological consequences and (2) The more abstract the language used, the higher the level of personality development. 16 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy patients suffering from depression participated in the study (M = 34 years old; SD = 4.02). Their level of personality development was assessed qualitatively by two independent coders. The coding system was based on the Positive Disintegration Theory (Dąbrowski 1964). We used typology from the Linguistic Category Model (Semin and Fiedler 1991) to analyse the level of abstractness vs. concreteness. Depressed patients were classified as either abstract language speakers or concrete language speakers. There were equal numbers of both types of speakers. Moreover participants consistently used one type of language, regardless of whether they were describing the critical life event itself or its psychological consequences. As expected, using higher levels of language abstractness when speaking correlated with possessing higher levels of personality development. Our findings provide practitioners with useful knowledge on the benefits of using abstract language to improve supportive strategies when dealing with people in crisis and modify the psychotherapeutic protocols used to treat depression.

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confidence: 99%

“…Research has also observed that the possession of more negative beliefs about both the self and the ability to cope with the aftermath of a motor vehicle accident and the perception of a higher lack of situation control were predictors of overall PTS levels in patients with the whiplash syndrome (Andersen, Elklit, & Vase, 2011; Kaźmierczak, Strelau, & Zawadzki, 2016). It is worth noting that the possession of more negative assumptions about the world did not predict subsequent PTS levels (Kaźmierczak et al, 2016). Some authors proposed that the perception of the world and determining the meaning of what whiplash’s survivors encounter turn out to be dependent on their core beliefs about the self (Kaźmierczak et al, 2016; O’Donnell, Elliott, Wolfgang, & Creamer, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that the possession of more negative assumptions about the world did not predict subsequent PTS levels (Kaźmierczak et al, 2016). Some authors proposed that the perception of the world and determining the meaning of what whiplash’s survivors encounter turn out to be dependent on their core beliefs about the self (Kaźmierczak et al, 2016; O’Donnell, Elliott, Wolfgang, & Creamer, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The contributions of different types of trauma and world assumptions to predicting psychological distress.

Ferrajão

Elklit

2020

Traumatology

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The present study examined the differences on world assumptions following exposure to different forms of trauma, and the effect of world assumptions on levels of posttraumatic, depression, and dissociative symptoms. The sample included 4 different groups: survivors of childhood sexual abuse, grief, and whiplash and a control group. Structural equation modeling was conducted. Survivors of childhood sexual abuse presented the highest scores on assumptions about the worthiness of the self and the lowest scores on the benevolence of the world. Survivors of whiplash presented the highest scores on the meaningfulness of the world. Scores on the Worthiness of the Self's subscales predicted the levels on clinical measures among all groups of trauma survivors. Benevolence of people was a predictor of all clinical measures among grief survivors. Findings suggest that coping with traumatic events depends on the reconstruction of more realistic world assumptions tailored for each traumatic event. Interventions to rebuild assumptions about the benevolence of the world and self-worth should be a primary focus at the beginning of treatment.

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Post-traumatic cognitions as a mediator of the relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

World assumptions and posttraumatic stress in a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study.

World assumptions and posttraumatic stress in a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A longitudinal study.

Describing a critical life event and its psychological consequences: The type of language used by patients suffering from depression and its relationship with personality development

The contributions of different types of trauma and world assumptions to predicting psychological distress.

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