Our objective was to analyze the differences in posttraumatic growth in 240 liver transplant recipients based on two factors. First, self-perceived health: better (Group 1 = G
1
) and worse (Group 2 = G
2
). Second, vitality: more (Group 3 = G
3
) and less (Group 4 = G
4
). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, SF-36 Health Survey (Item 2) and SF-12 Health Survey (vitality dimension) were used. Firstly, analyzing main effects recipients with better (G
1
) compared to worse (G
2
) self-perceived health, showed greater posttraumatic growth. Interaction effects were found on essential posttraumatic growth domains such as new possibilities (
p
= 0.040), personal strength (
p
= 0.027), and appreciation of life (
p
= 0.014). Statistically significant differences showed that among transplant recipients with worse self-perceived health (G
2
), those with more vitality had higher levels on abovementioned posttraumatic growth dimensions. However, in transplant recipients with better self-perceived health (G
1
) respective dimensions were not significantly influenced by the level of vitality. Among the recipients with less vitality (G
4
), those with better self-perceived health showed higher scores on abovementioned posttraumatic growth dimensions. We conclude that positive self-perceived health might compensate for a lack of vitality as well as a high level of vitality may compensate for negative self-perceived health regarding the development of crucial aspects of posttraumatic growth after liver transplantation.