Post-traumatic olfactory loss and brain response beyond olfactory cortex

Pellegrino, Robert; Farruggia, Michael C.; Veldhuizen, Maria G.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83621-2

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Patients were examined 63.6 ± 40.8 days (range 8-151 days) after the negative nasopharyngeal swab. Exclusion criteria were history of head or neck trauma [11][12][13], cognitive impairment and psychiatric conditions interfering with study participation [14,15], chronic/acute rhinosinusitis, neurological diseases involving smell/taste function [16][17][18], and systemic diseases related to smell/taste disorders [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background Qualitative smell/taste disorders (such as phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia) have not yet been fully characterized in patients who had COVID-19, whereas quantitative disturbances (i.e., reduction/loss of smell/taste) have been widely investigated. Objective To simultaneously assess the presence of both quantitative and qualitative smell/taste dysfunctions in patients who suffered from COVID-19. Methods We enrolled 17 consecutive patients who suffered from COVID-19 over the last 6 months and 21 healthy controls, matched for sex and age. After a negative nasopharyngeal swab, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Taste Strips were used to assess olfactory and taste function, respectively. At the same time, the presence of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia was investigated with a standardized questionnaire. Results Qualitative disturbances of smell and/or taste were found in 6/17 (35.3%) patients. Phantosmia was reported in 2/17 (11.8%) patients and parosmia in 4/17 (23.5%). There were no significant differences in smell test scores between patients who reported phantosmia and/or parosmia and patients who did not. Phantogeusia was described in 3/17 (17.6%) patients, and parageusia was identified in 4/17 (23.5%) patients. All tested patients were normogeusic. Conclusion Around one-third of patients who recover from COVID-19 may have persistent qualitative dysfunction in smell/taste domains. Detection of phantogeusia in long-term COVID-19 patients represents a further novel finding. Further investigation is needed to better characterize the pathophysiology of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia in patients who had COVID-19.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Recently, a paper showed excitation in this area limits inhibitory neurons leading to possible epileptogenic behavior (Ryu et al, 2021). In fact, traumatic brain injury patients with smell loss typically have an intact piriform that responds to odors at the same rate as those without impairment (Pellegrino et al, 2021). Hallucinations may also elicited by stimulation to the olfactory bulb and tract (Kumar et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Parosmia and Phantosmia among Smell Disorders

Pellegrino

Mainland

Kelly³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Among those many individuals who suffer from a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia) some individuals also experience disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as parosmia (i.e., distorted odor with a known source), or odor phantoms (i.e., odor sensation without an odor source). We surveyed a large population with at least one olfactory disorder (N = 2031) and found that odor distortions were common (46%), with respondents reporting either parosmia (19%), phantosmia (11%), or both (16%). In comparison to respondents with hyposmia or anosmia, respondents with parosmia were more likely to be female, young, and suffered from post-viral olfactory loss (p < 0.001), while phantosmia occurred most frequently in middle-aged respondents (p < 0.01) and was more likely to be caused by head trauma than parosmia (p < 0.01). A higher prevalence of odor distortion was observed 3 months to a year after their olfactory symptom onset (p < 0.001), which coincides with the timeline of physiological recovery. Additionally, we observed that the frequency and duration of distortions negatively affects quality of life, with parosmia showing a higher range of severity than phantosmia (p < 0.001). Previous research often grouped these distortions together, but our results show that they have distinct patterns of demographics, medical history, and loss in quality of life.

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“…CPM has been used to predict behavior in a variety of contexts, from anthropometric features, such as waist circumference ( Farruggia et al, 2020 ), to personality traits ( Hsu et al, 2018 ) and irritability in youth ( Scheinost et al, 2021 ). Recently, CPM has also been used in chemosensory neuroimaging to discriminate between individuals with anosmia and normosmia ( Pellegrino et al, 2021a ). This technique, in combination with functional localization analysis, helped demonstrate that olfactory dysfunction resulting from traumatic injury coincides with differential activity outside of the olfactory cortex; namely, in prefrontal cortex, frontal operculum, and posterior cingulate cortex ( Pellegrino et al, 2021a ).…”

Section: Methods To Study the Functional Connectomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, CPM has also been used in chemosensory neuroimaging to discriminate between individuals with anosmia and normosmia ( Pellegrino et al, 2021a ). This technique, in combination with functional localization analysis, helped demonstrate that olfactory dysfunction resulting from traumatic injury coincides with differential activity outside of the olfactory cortex; namely, in prefrontal cortex, frontal operculum, and posterior cingulate cortex ( Pellegrino et al, 2021a ). This single study shows that CPM holds promise to aid our understanding of central chemosensory processes.…”

Section: Methods To Study the Functional Connectomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, part of the solution against HARKing has to come from eliminating publication bias against null effects. We encourage journals and their editors to explicitly commit to publishing null results that are supported by appropriate equivalence statistics, as was done for example in the paper by Pellegrino et al (2021a) demonstrating a lack of difference in neural response to odors in piriform cortex in post-traumatic brain injury.…”

Section: Best Practices From the Connectomics Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges

Veldhuizen

Cecchetto

Fjældstad

et al. 2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Ecological chemosensory stimuli almost always evoke responses in more than one sensory system. Moreover, any sensory processing takes place along a hierarchy of brain regions. So far, the field of chemosensory neuroimaging is dominated by studies that examine the role of brain regions in isolation. However, to completely understand neural processing of chemosensation, we must also examine interactions between regions. In general, the use of connectivity methods has increased in the neuroimaging field, providing important insights to physical sensory processing, such as vision, audition, and touch. A similar trend has been observed in chemosensory neuroimaging, however, these established techniques have largely not been rigorously applied to imaging studies on the chemical senses, leaving network insights overlooked. In this article, we first highlight some recent work in chemosensory connectomics and we summarize different connectomics techniques. Then, we outline specific challenges for chemosensory connectome neuroimaging studies. Finally, we review best practices from the general connectomics and neuroimaging fields. We recommend future studies to develop or use the following methods we perceive as key to improve chemosensory connectomics: (1) optimized study designs, (2) reporting guidelines, (3) consensus on brain parcellations, (4) consortium research, and (5) data sharing.

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Post-traumatic olfactory loss and brain response beyond olfactory cortex

Cited by 12 publications

References 73 publications

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

Prevalence and Correlates of Parosmia and Phantosmia among Smell Disorders

Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges

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