Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after stigma related events in HIV infected individuals in Nigeria

Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Afolabi, Muhammed O.; Ola, Bolanle; Ogundele, Olorunfemi Akinbode; Ajibare, Adeola O.; Oladipo, Bamidele F.; Fakande, Ibiyemi

doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0493-7

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the stress-response model both disorders share intrusive and avoidance symptoms [1,21]. In addition, AD contains 'failure to adapt' symptoms like time management problems or belief in one's own failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment disorders after severe life-events in four postconflict settings

Dobricki

Komproe

Jong

et al. 2009

Soc Psychiat Epidemiol

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Background The present study explores whether severe life-events are associated with adjustment disorders (AD) by reanalyzing the data of a multisite epidemiological survey (de Jong et al. in Lancet 361:2128-2130, 2003 [1567][1568][1569][1570][1571][1572] 1987). The current study focuses on non-directly life threatening events related to AD (e.g. loss of property) in contrast to life-threatening events related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). AD Symptom measures were obtained from available psychopathology assessments: composite international diagnostic interview (WHO in CIDI, Geneva, 1997) and structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (Pelcovitz et al. J Trauma Stress 10:3-16, 1997). Results The majority of the subjects had experienced one or more AD-related life event. Most common AD-related life events varied across the four sites with bad shelter conditions most prevalent in Ethiopia (100%) and Gaza (32%), forced social isolation in Algeria (61%), and lack of food in Cambodia (41%). Prevalences of AD diagnoses ranged from 6% (Ethiopia) to 40% (Algeria). The highest rates of comorbidity were between AD and PTSD, followed by anxiety disorders. Conclusion The present study shows that the new concept of AD can be of use for psychiatric epidemiology, e.g., in migration contexts. The high-comorbidity rates could indicate that AD and PTSD are parts of a stress response spectrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment disorders after severe life-events in four postconflict settings

Dobricki

Komproe

Jong

et al. 2009

Soc Psychiat Epidemiol

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“…Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in populations with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates (Adewuya et al, 2009; Seedat, 2012). Common mental disorders (CMDs), which include depression and anxiety disorders, are equally prevalent in high HIV settings (Chibanda, Cowan, Gibson, Weiss, & Lund, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

Verhey

Gibson

Brakarsh

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and common mental disorders (CMDs), which include depression and anxiety disorders, in a setting with a prevalence of high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within a primary care clinic, using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the 14-item Shona Symptom Questionnaire, both locally validated screening tools.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with adult patients (n = 204) from the largest primary care clinic facility in Harare, Zimbabwe, in June 2016.Results: A total of 83 patients (40.7%) met the criteria for probable PTSD, of whom 57 (69.5%) had comorbid CMDs. Among people living with HIV, 42 (55.3%) had PTSD. Probable PTSD was associated with having experienced a negative life event in the past 6 months [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–9.34] or screening positive for one or more CMD (adjusted OR 6.48, 95% CI 3.35–2.54).Conclusion: People living with HIV showed a high prevalence of PTSD and CMD comorbidity. PTSD screening should be considered when the CMD screen is positive and there is a history of negative life events.

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“…The phenomenon began simultaneously with the spread of the disease (Farmer, 1992). Social isolation is an eminent outcome of stigma since PLHA are considered like outcasts (Adewuya et al, 2009). People feel uncomfortable in the company of PLHA (Lee, Kochman & Sikkema, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated 96 000 individuals are living with HIV, though the prevalence of 0.1% is relatively low (Rodrigo & Rajapakse, 2009). The factors which are considered to be restricting effective control of epidemic include illiteracy and lack of knowledge (Adewuya et al, 2009). Pakistan is at very low on human development index including literacy (Kazi, Ghaffar & Salman, 2000) which makes Pakistan more vulnerable for having more HIV/AIDS stigmas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/AIDS stigma at the workplace: Exploratory findings from Pakistan

Bashir

2011

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are stigmatised socially. They are devalued and considered like outcasts by having lesser opportunities for education, treatment and housing, and in an organisational context they get reduced opportunities of selection, promotion and income. The phenomena have been extensively researched in developed countries but limited literature addresses the situation in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, which is also facing spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There are a number of groups who are carrying the disease but the problems being faced by PLHA employed in different organisations have rarely been analysed. Stigma at the workplace can generate a number of negative outcomes. The present study considers two such outcomes among stigmatised PLHA. These outcomes are organisational cynicism and breach of psychological contract. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 174 PLHA, having a work experience after identification of the epidemic, working in different organisations across Pakistan. These PLHA were identified and recruited through a scattered record available with some government/non-government organisations operating in Pakistan to control HIV/AIDS. Findings of the study extend the knowledge about HIV/AIDS stigma indicating that PLHA are subjected to stigma, which is significantly associated with a breach of psychological contract and organisational cynicism. There is a need at governmental and organisational level as well to increase awareness about the disease and formulate policies to reduce stigma against PLHA working in different organisations.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after stigma related events in HIV infected individuals in Nigeria

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Adjustment disorders after severe life-events in four postconflict settings

Adjustment disorders after severe life-events in four postconflict settings

Prevalence and correlates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in a population with a high prevalence of HIV in Zimbabwe

HIV/AIDS stigma at the workplace: Exploratory findings from Pakistan

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