Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Children of Conflict Region of Kashmir (India): A Review

Mushtaq, Raheel; Shah, Tabindah; Mushtaq, Sahil

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/11766.7152

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Kashmir is a region located at the border area of India and Pakistan. Due to the rampant political and military conflict in the region, there have been reports of manifestations of psychological problems in all age groups of the population in Kashmir (Mushtaq et al, 2016). There have been a few studies demonstrating a link between depression and suicide in the younger population (Barua & Kar, 2010; Gottfries, 2001; Shoib et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and suicidal ideation among the geriatric population of Kashmir, India

Shoib

Islam

Arafat³

et al. 2020

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Depression is a common disorder that can lead to suicidal behaviours among the geriatric population. Aim: We aimed to assess depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among the elderly population of Kashmir. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts of Kashmir between June and August 2019. The sample consisted of 200 persons aged >65 years. Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Suicide Ideation scale were used to determine depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the relationships between depression, hopelessness, and suicide. Results: The prevalence of severe depression with a score of ⩾31 on Beck’s Depression Inventory was 56% among the studied population. Most of these elderly were found to have moderate levels of suicidal ideation (62.5%) and hopelessness (61%). Depression had a positive correlation with suicidal ideation ( r = 0.35). Hopelessness and suicidal intent had a more significant positive correlation ( r = 0.54), as compared to depression and hopelessness ( r = 0.43). Conclusion: More than half of the older persons in Kashmir had depression with superimposed hopelessness which is an important risk factor of suicidal ideation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and suicidal ideation among the geriatric population of Kashmir, India

Shoib

Islam

Arafat³

et al. 2020

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…Globally, 172 million people are affected by armed conflict, and at least 240 million children live in countries affected by conflict or fragility 1 2. Humanitarian crises, such as armed conflicts, are linked to increased levels of psychological distress and higher risk of an array of mental disorders 3–5. Complexities further increase when unstable situations result in large-scale displacement and migration, exposing populations to stressful events prior to departure, during transit and after arrival, as they cope with integrating in a new environment or country 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering mental health and psychosocial support interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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BackgroundOver 240 million children live in countries affected by conflict or fragility, and such settings are known to be linked to increased psychological distress and risk of mental disorders. While guidelines are in place, high-quality evidence to inform mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions in conflict settings is lacking. This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing information on the delivery, coverage and effectiveness of MHPSS for conflict-affected women and children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO)databases for indexed literature published from January 1990 to March 2018. Grey literature was searched on the websites of 10 major humanitarian organisations. Eligible publications reported on an MHPSS intervention delivered to conflict-affected women or children in LMICs. We extracted and synthesised information on intervention delivery characteristics, including delivery site and personnel involved, as well as delivery barriers and facilitators, and we tabulated reported intervention coverage and effectiveness data.ResultsThe search yielded 37 854 unique records, of which 157 were included in the review. Most publications were situated in Sub-Saharan Africa (n=65) and Middle East and North Africa (n=36), and many reported on observational research studies (n=57) or were non-research reports (n=53). Almost half described MHPSS interventions targeted at children and adolescents (n=68). Psychosocial support was the most frequently reported intervention delivered, followed by training interventions and screening for referral or treatment. Only 19 publications reported on MHPSS intervention coverage or effectiveness.DiscussionDespite the growing literature, more efforts are needed to further establish and better document MHPSS intervention research and practice in conflict settings. Multisectoral collaboration and better use of existing social support networks are encouraged to increase reach and sustainability of MHPSS interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125221.

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“…The most commonly reported prevalence rates of other disorders following exposure to traumatic events other than PTSD include depression, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, and panic disorder [ 36 ]. In addition, a study in the northern region of Kashmir in India highlighted that depression and anxiety disorder are major co-morbid psychiatric disorders associated with PTSD [ 37 ].…”

Section: Evidence Of the Work Done On Ace Or Related Categories In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community violence: despite the history of communal violence across India, there is not much work done in this area [ 37 ]. Based on insights from the global study, this area needs further work since community violence contributes significantly towards health outcomes as per the global research findings.…”

Section: Evidence Of the Work Done On Ace Or Related Categories In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences & mental health – the urgent need for public health intervention in India

Trivedi¹,

Pillai²,

Trivedi³

2021

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene

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Summary Global evidence has demonstrated that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) up to age 18 significantly increases the risk of mental and physical health for an adult. The research linking ACE with health and well-being has confirmed a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs experienced and the extent of the impact on wellbeing. The source of ACE is the family, community, and the immediate environment, and it causes long-term risk for mental health with the potential to carry it over beyond the present generation. The findings are consistent across the developed and developing countries, and the evidence highlights the need for new elements beyond the 10 ACE elements in the pathbreaking original study. India needs urgent intervention on ACE prevention and management with 0.4 billion children and adolescents, with one out of seven Indians with mental health issues. Firstly, this commentary reviews global research and summarizes the limited evidence available in India on ACE elements’ impact on mental health. And, secondly, it proposes a multi-pronged approach to identify, manage and prevent the mental health implications of ACE in India to preempt a significant public health challenge.

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Children of Conflict Region of Kashmir (India): A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Depression and suicidal ideation among the geriatric population of Kashmir, India

Depression and suicidal ideation among the geriatric population of Kashmir, India

Delivering mental health and psychosocial support interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review

Adverse Childhood Experiences & mental health – the urgent need for public health intervention in India

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