Post-traumatic stress symptom, metacognition, emotional schema and emotion regulation: A structural equation model

The mediating role of the metacognition, time perspectives and experiential avoidance on the relationship between childhood trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

“…Indirect impacts assessment also indicated that metacognition and experiential avoidance can be considered as a mediator between childhood trauma and symptoms of PTSD. This fact has already been found by several previous studies (Mazloom et al, 2016;Myers & Wells, 2015;Shenk et al, 2012).…”

“…Regarding the consideration of the metacognitive model for study on PTSD, path analysis and structural equation model studies have shown the desirable fitness of the model with field data. These studies showed that the components of the CAS, namely, worry (Roussis & Wells, 2006), rumination (Bennett & Wells, 2010), strategies of emotion regulation (Mazloom, Yaghubi, & Mohammadkhani, 2016) and avoidance coping strategies (Pietrzak, Harpaz-Rotem, & Southwick, 2011) have a mediating role in relationship between metacognitive beliefs and PTSD symptom.…”

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

“…Internal consistency was examined in seven studies without overlapping participants (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Matthews et al, 2007; Ellis and Hudson, 2011; Wilson et al, 2011; Farrell et al, 2012; Wolters et al, 2012; Mazloom et al, 2016). Five of these studies examined the Cronbach alphas of the total score and subscales and a further two only examined total scores.…”

“…* p < 0.05 . Number of samples with correlations between symptoms and MCQ-A Total Score (TS) and subscales—Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms: TS, five samples (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Matthews et al, 2007; Crye et al, 2010; Farrell et al, 2012; Wilson and Hall, 2012) subscales, three samples (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Matthews et al, 2007; Wilson and Hall, 2012); Anxiety: TS, three samples (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Wolters et al, 2012 - non-clinical group; Wolters et al, 2012 - OCD group) subscales, four samples (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Wolters et al, 2012 - non-clinical group; Wolters et al, 2012 - OCD group; Wilson and Hall, 2012); Depression: TS and subscales, three samples (Cartwright-Hatton et al, 2004; Wolters et al, 2012 - non-clinical group; Wolters et al, 2012 - OCD group); Worry: one sample (Wilson et al, 2011); Post-traumatic symptoms: one sample (Mazloom et al, 2016); Psychotic symptoms: one sample (Debbané et al, 2009 -controlling for age and IQ) .…”

Research on emotional schemas: A review of findings and challenges

“…Following a trauma, emotions once viewed as valid, acceptable, and controllable may be viewed as dangerous, uncontrollable, and requiring avoidance (Foa & Kozak, ; Litz et al, ; Paivio & Pascual‐Leone, ; Roemer, Litz, Orsillo, & Wagner, ; Tull, Jakupcak, McFadden, & Roemer, ; Tull & Roemer, ). Persons diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tend to hold extremely negative views of emotion and commonly fear experiencing, losing control of, and behaviourally responding to high‐intensity emotions, particularly fear and anxiety (Mazloom, Yaghubi, & Mohammadkhani, ; Sippel & Marshall, ; Tull et al, ). Growing research suggests that schemas that portray emotions as dangerous are critical to the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, particularly avoidance‐related symptoms (Asmundson & Stapleton, ; Collimore, McCabe, Carleton, & Asmundson, ).…”