Postactivation Potentiation Biases Maximal Isometric Strength Assessment

Lima, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de; Oliveira, Felipe Bruno Dias de; Oliveira, Thiago Pires; Assumpção, Claudio de Oliveira; Greco, Camila Coelho; Cardozo, Adalgiso Coscrato; Denadai, Benedito Sérgio

doi:10.1155/2014/126961

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The results of this study indicate that isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions with short-term recovery periods improved maximal torque performance. The results of this study are in line with the results by Buadry and Duchateau (2007) and Lima et al (2014) regarding the effect of isometric and concentric contractions (14,19). However, no research was found to contradict our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls

Sheykheh

Monazzami

2020

J Arch Mil Med

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Background: Implementing the post-activation potentiation phenomenon before a competition in the warm-up section may be better than performing the usual warm-up. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of type and intensity of muscle contraction with different recovery periods on anaerobic power and peak torque in young trained girls. Methods: Twelve female subjects (age: 22 ± 2.95 years; height: 165.42 ± 5.35 cm; weight: 57.33 ± 9.15 kg) who had at least two years of continuous training experience were randomly selected. The subjects performed the contraction protocols (isometric (3×70/7s), concentric (3 × 90/4), and eccentric (3 × 110/5)) or control conditions in eight sessions with at least 48 hours intervals between the sessions. In this study, the countermovement jump test and Biodex isokinetic device (60°.S-1) model (ISO-1) were used for measuring anaerobic power and maximum peak torque, respectively. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and one-way independent ANOVA were used for analyzing the data (P < 0.05). Results: The between-group comparisons showed that the highest anaerobic power and peak torque values in immediate and three-minute recovery periods were seen in the concentric protocol, and the highest values in seven-minute recovery periods were seen in the eccentric protocol (P < 0.05). These variables were also significant in concentric and eccentric contractions in within-group comparisons (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Eccentric contraction, similar to other contractions, can produce PAP. It seems that eccentric contractions due to a higher intensity of contractions can maintain more consistency of PAP than do other contractions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls

Sheykheh

Monazzami

2020

J Arch Mil Med

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“…They observed that PAP increased jump height (5.03%), maximal force (4.94%), acceleration impulse (9.49%) in the drop jump, and improved knee extension maximal torque by 6.12%. Recently, Johnson et al (12) demonstrated that PAP using drop jumps increased peak twitch torque, rate of strength development, and impulse significantly in athletes during 9 sets of 3 c electrically evoked maximal twitches interspersed, suggesting that PAP can enhance the forcegenerating capacity of the muscle (2,13,16). However, whether PAP could influence back squat performance using multiple sets is currently unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postactivation Potentiation Improves Acute Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscular Force in Trained Men

Freitas

Rossi

Colognesi

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Conrado de Freitas, M, Rossi, FE, Colognesi, LA, de Oliveira, JVNS, Zanchi, NE, Lira, FS, Cholewa, JM, and Gobbo, LA. Postactivation potentiation improves acute resistance exercise performance and muscular force in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1357–1363, 2021—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heavy back squat (90% one repetition maximum [1RM]) postactivation potentiation (PAP) on acute resistance exercise performance and force production in recreationally trained men, and to verify the relationship between maximal strength and the PAP response. Ten resistance-trained men randomly completed 4 experimental trials: (a) back squats without PAP (No-PAP), (b) back squats with PAP, (c) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps without PAP, and (d) MVIC with PAP. Back squats were performed with 4 sets at 70% of 1 RM with 2 minutes of rest interval. The number of squats repetitions performed was recorded for each set, and a total number of repetitions were calculated to analyze performance. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction was measured using electronic dynamometer, and the peak force and mean force were recorded. Blood lactate concentration was analyzed presquat and postsquat exercise. Repetitions performed in the first set was significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the PAP condition (22.00 ± 5.14) compared with No-PAP (15.50 ± 5.10), which resulted in significantly (p = 0.001) more total repetitions performed in the PAP (56.20 ± 17.3) condition compared with No-PAP (48.80 ± 14.5). Maximum voluntary isometric contraction peak was higher in PAP than in No-PAP (PAP = 765.7 ± 147.8 vs. No-PAP = 696.8 ± 131.5 N, p = 0.006). No significant correlations were observed between back squat 1RM relative to body mass and the PAP response in squat and MVIC. There were no significant differences in lactate concentration between conditions. In conclusion, PAP resulting from a heavy load prior back squat exercise improved total volume during resistance exercise. In addition, PAP was effective to increase force production during MVIC, but there was no relationship between relative 1RM values and the PAP response in trained men.

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“…Evidence suggests that muscular power output can be increased by inducing a post-activation potentiation (PAP) effect with heavy resistance exercises (e.g., 5-RM back squat) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. PAP is defined as an increase in muscle performance after a conditioning contraction [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Timing for Post-Activation Potentiation in Women Collegiate Volleyball Players

Sue

Adams

DeBeliso

2016

Sports

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Post-activation potentiation (PAP) has been shown to acutely amplify muscular power output and may be advantageous for athletes looking to improve performance. PAP may have an acute window of effectiveness between 2 to 20 min. With correct timing and implementation it may be possible to induce PAP in competitive situations. The purpose of this study was to examine the time frame of potentiation following a PAP warm-up in collegiate female volleyball players. In this study, nine female collegiate volleyball players completed three laboratory sessions over the course of 10 days. During the first session, the athlete’s 5-RM back squat was determined for subsequent use as the conditioning activity to initiate PAP. A repeated measures experimental design was then employed for Sessions 2 and 3 where half of the participants alternately performed either a dynamic or PAP warm-up prior to performing a standing long jump (SLJ) at 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 min. A mixed-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of the two warm-up strategies (PAP vs. dynamic) on standing long jump (SLJ) performance across time. There was a significant effect for time (p < 0.01) and warm-up strategy (p < 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc techniques determined that the SLJs that followed the PAP warm-up were significantly greater at 2 (4.8%), 6 (3.6%), and 10 (3.6%) min compared to SLJs post-dynamic warm-up (p < 0.05). However, those differences did not persist at 14 or 18 min (p > 0.05). Further analysis included non-parametric pairwise comparisons (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) between the SLJ scores at 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 min (PAP vs. dynamic). The non-parametric results were consistent with the parametric results. Within the parameters of this study, it is concluded that performing a 5-RM back squat induces a measureable PAP effect for up to 10 min.

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Postactivation Potentiation Biases Maximal Isometric Strength Assessment

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls

Effects of Type and Intensity of Voluntary Contractions With Different Recovery Periods on Anaerobic Power and Maximum Torque in Young Trained Girls

Postactivation Potentiation Improves Acute Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscular Force in Trained Men

Optimal Timing for Post-Activation Potentiation in Women Collegiate Volleyball Players

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