Postcranial morphology and growth of the pachypleurosaur Anarosaurus heterodontus (Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, The Netherlands

Klein, Nicole

doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0137-1

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Pachypleurosauria appear during the early Anisian in the Germanic Basin and were thought to live in coastal, shallow marine environments (Gürich, 1884;Rieppel, 2000;Klein, 2012). They flourish during the Anisian/Ladinian of the Alpine Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Italy, Switzerland; e.g., Sander, 1989;Rieppel, 1989Rieppel, , 2000 and also during the earliest Carnian in China (Liu et al, 2011).…”

Section: N Klein and E M Griebeler: Growth Modeling In Pachypleuromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone histological studies of midshaft regions in long bones (humeri and femora) of pachypleurosaur taxa (Sander, 1990;Klein, 2010Klein, , 2012Hugi et al, 2011) revealed important information on their life history: Serpianosaurus reached sexual maturity in its 2nd or 3rd year of life, and the oldest individual died in its 14th year (Hugi et al, 2011). Neusticosaurus pusillus and N. peyeri reached sexual maturity at an age between 3 and 4 and died between 7 and 10 years (Sander, 1990).…”

Section: N Klein and E M Griebeler: Growth Modeling In Pachypleuromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on their morphology these humeri most likely represent Dactylosaurus (Nopcsa, 1928;Sues and Caroll, 1985;Rieppel and Lin, 1995;Rieppel, 2000). The humeri from Winterswijk all belong to Anarosaurus heterodontus (Rieppel and Lin, 1995;Rieppel, 2000;Klein, 2009Klein, , 2012 and have been partly studied before (Klein, 2010(Klein, , 2012. Humeri from the Lower Lettenkeuper (aff.…”

Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Klein

Griebeler

2018

Foss. Rec.

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Section: N Klein and E M Griebeler: Growth Modeling In Pachypleuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N Klein and E M Griebeler: Growth Modeling In Pachypleuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Klein

Griebeler

2018

Foss. Rec.

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“…The shape and preserved morphology of the girdle elements, although all highly incomplete, and of the femur support our assignment. The femoral cross sections reveals a compact medullary region resulting in osteosclerosis similar to what was described for Neusticosaurus and Serpianosaurus ) and contrary to the condition in the pachypleurosaur Anarosaurus heterodontus and Nothosaurus spp., which have a free cavity at femur midshaft (Klein 2012;pers. obs.…”

Section: Taxonomic Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Middle Triassic pachypleurosaur (Diapsida: Eosauropterygia) from a restricted carbonate ramp in the Western Carpathians (Gutenstein Formation, Fatric Unit): paleogeographic implications

Čerňanský¹,

Klein²,

Soták³

et al. 2018

Geologica Carpathica

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An eosauropterygian skeleton found in the Middle Triassic (upper Anisian) Gutenstein Formation of the Fatric Unit (Demänovská dolina Valley, Low Tatra Mountains, Slovakia) represents the earliest known occurrence of marine tetrapods in the Western Carpathians. The specimen represents a partly articulated portion of the postcranial skeleton (nine dorsal vertebrae, coracoid, ribs, gastral ribs, pelvic girdle, femur and one zeugopodial element). It is assigned to the Pachypleurosauria, more precisely to the Serpianosaurus-Neusticosaurus clade based on the following combination of features: (1) small body size; (2) morphology of vertebrae, ribs and femur; (3) tripartite gastral ribs; and (4) microanatomy of the femur as revealed by µCT. Members of this clade were described from the epicontinental Germanic Basin and the Alpine Triassic (now southern Germany, Switzerland, Italy), and possibly from Spain. This finding shows that pachypleurosaur reptiles attained a broader geographical distribution during the Middle Triassic, with their geographical range reaching to the Central Western Carpathians. Pachypleurosaurs are often found in sediments formed in shallow, hypersaline carbonate-platform environments. The specimen found here occurs in a succession with vermicular limestones in a shallow subtidal zone and stromatolitic limestones in a peritidal zone, indicating that pachypleurosaurs inhabited hypersaline, restricted carbonate ramps in the Western Carpathians.

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“…A consequence of these shared secondary aquatic adaptations is the rather uniform morphology of the eosauropterygian postcranial skeleton, which complicates the identification and assignment of isolated bones and partial skeletons without associated cranial material (e.g., Rieppel 2000;Klein 2012). Despite this host of convergent morphological traits, eosauropterygians adopted a large variety of ecological niches, life histories, and feeding strategies, which enabled them to live sympatrically in the same habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postcranial material of Nothosaurus marchicus from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands, with remarks on swimming styles and taphonomy

et al. 2015

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The postcranial morphology of Nothosaurus from Winterswijk is described on the basis of three partially preserved skeletons. Because of the association with a diagnostic cranium, two of these can be confidently assigned to N. marchicus. Preserved humeri are recognized as morphotype II, which confirms the relationship between this humeral morphotype and N. marchicus. The occurrence of an additional nothosaur taxon in the Lower Muschelkalk, strong sexual dimorphism, or a broader size range of N. marchicus is evidenced again. The postcranial morphology of Nothosaurus is compared to published and new data on the basal pistosauroid (cf. Cymatosaurus) from the same locality. Numerous shared morphological characters of N. marchicus, Nothosaurus sp., and the basal pistosauroid from Winterswijk hamper assignment of isolated bones, which is presently only possible if a combination of features on multiple bones from a single individual can be assessed. Ontogenetic stage of the described skeletons is discussed as well. Differences between N. marchicus, the basal pistosauroid, and the morphologically similar, but smaller pachypleurosaur A. heterodontus are mainly related to the morphologies of the humerus, ulna, and the clavicle-interclavicle complex, and thereby indicate different modes of locomotion i.e., swimming styles. The pachypleurosaur and the basal pistosauroid were most likely anguilliform swimmers, whereas Nothosaurus also employed its forelimbs during swimming (paraxial swimming). Taphonomical observations on material of the Winterswijk locality indicate the presence of scavengers, although most disarticulated skeletons were transported by water and decayed and disintegrated in shallow water.

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Postcranial morphology and growth of the pachypleurosaur Anarosaurus heterodontus (Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, The Netherlands

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)

A Middle Triassic pachypleurosaur (Diapsida: Eosauropterygia) from a restricted carbonate ramp in the Western Carpathians (Gutenstein Formation, Fatric Unit): paleogeographic implications

Postcranial material of Nothosaurus marchicus from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands, with remarks on swimming styles and taphonomy

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