Postdisaster Impact Assessment of Road Infrastructure: State-of-the-Art Review

Meta-analysis of Supply Chain Disruption Research

“…Whereas, humanitarian supply chain research looks more often into social and humanitarian implications [ 64 , 95 , 96 ]. Gajanayake et al [ 101 ] elaborate on direct versus indirect impacts and tangible (mainly economic) and intangible (mainly social and environmental) measurements (referring to [ 102 ].…”

“…The COVID-19 pandemic shows, how a global pandemic can trigger product innovation (e.g., vaccine development, refer to, e.g., [ 103 ]), repurposing of resources (e.g., automakers producing ventilators, see [ 104 ]) and acceleration of trends (e.g., digitalization, see [ 105 ]). Gains for communities can result in form of aid flow, increased employment or enhancement of the natural environment [ 101 ].…”

“…Combinations of concepts and paradigms like circular supply chains, sustainability and the ripple effect [ 114 ], as well as studying the interface between green and resilient supply chains [ 58 ] can enhance the understanding of value chain behavior amid disturbances. There is a lack of research on direct and indirect environmental and social impacts of disasters [ 101 ]. The reason could be that a debate exists on how to measure social and environmental impacts.…”

“…The reason could be that a debate exists on how to measure social and environmental impacts. A more holistic view on wider environmental impacts, besides carbon emissions, is encouraged by Gajanayake et al [ 101 ], which might be beneficial in the future. Within the humanitarian context, reverse logistics flows for recovery such as the debris cleaning problems can bring insights for circular supply chain management under disruptions [ 115 ].…”

A Framework To Estimate Loss And Damage (L&D) To Floods In a Changing Climate, Using Capital-Based Approach

“…(Okuyama, 2008) also defines damages as the physical destruction to human and physical capital stock, whereas, losses refer to the indirect or secondary effects of a disaster, that lead to changes in production and consumption flows of goods and services. Losses can be economic or non-economic (Fankhauser et al, 2014;McNamara & Jackson, 2019); and damages can also be direct or indirect, each of which can be tangible (economic) and intangible (social and environmental) (Gajanayake et al, 2020).However, in the emerging literature on L&D, its definition by (Bouwer, 2011) is limited to damage from sudden or discrete events, and does not include slow onset processes. On the other hand, some studies have attributed L&D to insufficient adaptation solely, (Action Aid, 2010;Huq et al, 2013;Warner & Geest, 2013).…”