Postejaculatory quiescence in female and male rats: Consequences for sperm transport during group mating.

McClintock, Martha K.; Toner, James P.; Adler, Norman T.; Anisko, Joseph J.

doi:10.1037/h0077872

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It should be noted that even with rats few observations have been undertaken on a so-called "female refractory period" after coitus. McClintock et al [44] found that during mating, female rats had a "quiescent period" following each ejaculation comparable with the duration of the male rat's PERT. They suggested it was related to the time course of sperm transport in the female.…”

Section: Does a Refractory Period After Orgasm Only Occur In Males?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Post-Ejaculation Refractory Time—What We Know and What We Do Not Know in Males and in Females

Levin¹

2009

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction The post-ejaculation refractory time (PERT), the period after a single ejaculation when further erections and ejaculations are inhibited, has been studied and well-documented in male rats. Since its first attribution in men by Masters and Johnson and its inaccurate delineation in their graphic sexual response model in 1966 it has been infrequently studied whereas scant attention has been paid to any such possible activity in women after female ejaculation. Aim To critically review our current knowledge about PERT in rats and humans and describe and correct shortcomings and errors in previous publications and propose corrections. Methods Review of published literature. Main Outcome Measures Identifying evidence-based data to support authority-based facts. Results The review exposes the extremely limited evidence-based data that our knowledge of PERT is based on. The paucity of data for most aspects of human PERT is remarkable; even the generally accepted statement that the duration of PERT increases with age has no published support data. Conclusions Despite numerous studies in rats the mechanisms and site(s) of the activity are poorly understood. Dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways are thought to shorten PERT whereas serotonergic pathways lengthen its duration. Raising the brain serotonin levels in men using SSRIs helps reduce early or premature ejaculation. Rats have an absolute PERT (aPERT) during which erection and ejaculation is inhibited and a relative PERT (rPERT) when a stronger or novel stimulus can, whether such phases exist in men is unexamined. Apart from possible depressed activity in the amygdala and penile dorsal nerve and rejection of prolactin as a major factor in PERT little or no significant advance in understanding human male PERT has occurred. No evidence-based data on women’s PERT after female ejaculation exists. New investigations in young and older men utilizing brain imaging and electromagnetic tomography are priority studies to accomplish.

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Section: Does a Refractory Period After Orgasm Only Occur In Males?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Post-Ejaculation Refractory Time—What We Know and What We Do Not Know in Males and in Females

Levin¹

2009

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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“…Male rats may compete for paternity with sperm density rather than aggression (Dewsbury & Härtung, 1980). Because mixed paternity in a litter may be common (Birdsall & Nash, 1973 ;McClintock, Toner, Adler & Anisko, 1982) in groupliving mammals, the male has a great stake in increasing sperm output during times when females are coming into oestrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Copulation induces an acute increase in epididymal sperm numbers in rats

Taylor¹,

Weiß²,

Frechmann³

et al. 1985

Reproduction

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The temporal changes in epididymal sperm numbers during the month after sexual contact were examined in 80 adult albino rats. The comparably sexually experienced males in 6 experimental groups were allowed 3 ejaculations with ovariectomized females in which oestrus was induced by hormone injections. Epididymides were removed from the experimental males 1 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days or 30 days later. Control males were sexually inexperienced or sexually experienced and living with females. Epididymal sperm counts revealed a pattern that resembled an inverted V-shaped function with a peak at 48 h after copulation. We suggest that sexual activity provokes an acute attenuation of sperm disposal within the epididymis with the result that more spermatozoa are available for ejaculation during sexually active times.

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“…Temporal events are not likely to be normally distributed, but usually form a negative exponential distribution. Intervals, dur;itions and latencies of mating behavior were therefore analysed with log survivor plots (VAN DER KLOOT and MORSE 1975;DIENSKE and METZ 1977;FAGEN and YOUNG 1978;DE JONGE and KETEL 1981;MCCLINTOCK and ANISKO 1982). Because the rate of behavior is proportional to the slope of a log survivor curve, the rate of behavior of different groups or conditions can be analysed by comparing the slopes of log survivor curves or by identifying different inflection points on the curves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All postpartum females and 3/5 of the cycling females returned to spend some time in the nest. The majority of all nest visits by postpartum females with pups') (84 %) and cycling females (73 %) occurred following the consummatory stimuli of mating (intromissions and ejaculations), when both members of the pair are temporarily refractive to further mating stimuli (SACHS and BARFIELD 1976;MCCLINTOCK et al 1982). Also, a causal factor of maternal activity, presence of pups, did not affect the timing of mating.…”

Section: Within the Mating Sessionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Timing of Mating by Postpartum Estrous Rats

Hedricks

McClintock

1985

Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie

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and Summary In Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) postpartum copulation began later, and was more rapid than mating during a cycling estrus. Faster postpartum mating was a result of shorter intervals between intromissions, rather than fewer intromissions. In addition, postpartum pairs showed a trend towards fewer ejaculatory series. Postpartum female sexual initiation and her attractiveness to the male produced rapid postpartum mating. Preliminary evidence indicates that pups' presence does not determine faster postpartum mating, yet postpartum females did exhibit time‐sharing relationships between their mating and maternal demands. We hypothesize that the rapid pace of postpartum mating is produced by intrinsic neuroendocrine changes characteristic of postpartum estrus and possibly by sexual experience.

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Postejaculatory quiescence in female and male rats: Consequences for sperm transport during group mating.

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Revisiting Post-Ejaculation Refractory Time—What We Know and What We Do Not Know in Males and in Females

Revisiting Post-Ejaculation Refractory Time—What We Know and What We Do Not Know in Males and in Females

Copulation induces an acute increase in epididymal sperm numbers in rats

The Timing of Mating by Postpartum Estrous Rats

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