Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: correlation between signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and vasopressin concentration.

Kurokawa, Hiroaki; Fujisawa, Ichiro; Nakano, Yoshihisa; Kimura, Hajime; Akagi, Katsuhito; Ikeda, Kazumi; Uokawa, Kyosuke; Tanaka, Yumiko

doi:10.1148/radiology.207.1.9530302

Cited by 77 publications

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“…If urine osmolality reaches more than 750 mOsm, either CDI or PP is the diagnosis; the latter two may be distinguished by urine concentrating ability in response to dehydration which is normal in patients with PP [3,38]. MRI can aid in the diagnosis of DI; patients with the characteristic bright spot in the sella turcica are unlikely to have CDI (see above) [3,39,114]. Some difficulties may arise differentiating between NDI, CDI and PP, in that the latter may present with lower than expected concentration capacity, due to medullary washout caused by the massive amount of flow, leading to lack of a concentration gradient.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Diabetes Insipidusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Insipidus: A Review

Shapiro¹

2013

J Diabetes Metab

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Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Diabetes Insipidusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Insipidus: A Review

Shapiro¹

2013

J Diabetes Metab

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“…In addition, the posterior lobe may be distorted by the high vertical pressure. Reports using rabbits showed that the high SI in the posterior lobe on T1-weighted MR images is associated with the density of secretory granules containing arginine vasopressin (AVP) [15,16]. In humans, the pituitary posterior lobe shows higher signal intensity than the anterior lobe on T1-weighted MR images from 2 months after birth [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of the SI ratios of the pituitary posterior lobe between the PDH and control groups demonstrated that the PDH group had a significantly lower SI ratio. We speculate that this significantly lower SI ratio in the PDH group was associated with either a deficit in the axonal transport of AVP produced in the hypothalamus to the pituitary posterior lobe or continuous secretion of AVP from the posterior lobe in response to the high osmolarity due to polyuria [1,15,20]. The decrease of SI of the posterior lobe may be a diagnostic marker of PDH dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High SI is observed in the normal pituitary of healthy animals and may be used to determine the spatial position of the posterior lobe within the pituitary [5,20]. In addition, the SI of the posterior lobe may reflect the density of secretory granules containing arginine vasopressin (AVP), implying that the SI is closely associated with the state of water metabolism of the animal [15,16]. In the MRI examination of the PDH dogs in our study, hypointensity of the pituitary posterior lobe was confirmed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Pituitary Posterior Lobe Displacement in Dogs with Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism

Taoda

Hara

Masuda

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The displacement and signal intensity (SI) of the pituitary posterior lobe were evaluated on T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images in 28 dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Compared with normal dogs, the posterior lobe was displaced dorsally in the pituitary of the PDH dogs. Correlation between the pituitary height/brain area (P/B) ratio and the displacement of the posterior lobe in the PDH dogs suggests that dorsal displacement of the posterior lobe increases in accordance with enlargement of the pituitary. As to the SI of the posterior lobe, the PDH dogs showed significantly lower SI in comparison to the normal dogs. Taken together, these results suggest that assessment of the displacement and SI of the posterior lobe of the pituitary on T1-weighted MR images is useful for the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. In pituitary microadenoma that presents no apparent tumorigenesis on MRI, evaluation of these values may be useful for diagnosis and selection of an appropriate therapy.KEY WORDS: hyperadrenocorticism, MRI, pituitary posterior lobe, signal intensity.

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“…The high intensity in posterior pituitary in T1-weighted MRI images, which reportedly reflects the stock of pituitary AVP, 28 decreased under chronically dehydrated conditions, 29) the lack of the high signal in T1-weighted pituitary MRI images is not specific to CDI. Pituitary MRI is also useful for the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary CDI.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Diabetes Insipidus

Oiso

Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology

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Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, is caused by deficiency of arginine vasopressin (AVP), an antidiuretic hormone which acts on V2 receptors in kidney to promote reabsorption of free water. CDI is classified into three subtypes; idiopathic, secondary and familial. A previous study suggests that infundibulo-neurohypophysitis might be an underlying cause of idiopathic CDI. Among secondary CDI, the tumors in the central nervous system such as craniopharyngioma and germ cell tumors are the most frequent causes. Familial CDI is inherited mostly in an autosomal dominant mode, and the number of causal mutations in the AVP gene locus reported so far exceeds 80. CDI is treated with desmopressin, an analogue of vasopressin, and the tablet is preferred to the nasal form because it is easier to administer. It is also shown that the oral disintegrating tablet formula increases QOL and decreases the incidence of hyponatremia in CDI patients. In some CDI patients, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do not function and patients do not sense thirst. These adipsic CDI patients are treated with desmopressin and adjusting the amount of daily water intake based on body weight measurement; but controlling the water balance is extremely difficult, and morbidity and mortality are shown to be high in these patients.

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Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: correlation between signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images and vasopressin concentration.

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Diabetes Insipidus: A Review

Diabetes Insipidus: A Review

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Pituitary Posterior Lobe Displacement in Dogs with Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism

Central Diabetes Insipidus

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