Posterior photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging of the periodontal pocket with a compact intraoral transducer

Recent development of photoacoustic imaging in dentistry: A review on studies over the last decade

“…Most studies focus on the ex-vivo application of PAI for the detection of tooth decay ( Arabpou et al, 2019 , Cheng et al, 2016 , El-Sharkawy and El Sherif, 2012 , Khosroshahi and Valizadeh, 2020 , Koyama et al, 2018 , Li and Dewhurst, 2016 , Periyasamy et al, 2018 , Rao et al, 2011 , Sampathkumar et al, 2014 , da Silva et al, 2021 , Tasmara et al, 2023 , Yamada et al, 2016 ). In general, clinical studies of PAI in dentistry assess the pocket depth of periodontal tissues from humans ( Fu, Khazaeinezhad et al, 2022 , Fu, Ling et al, 2022 , Fu et al, 2021 , Lin et al, 2017 , Moore et al, 2018 , Moore et al, 2022 , Mozaffarzadeh et al, 2021 ), and ex-vivo investigations employ samples from human teeth ( Alifkalaila et al, 2021 , Arabpou et al, 2019 , Cheng et al, 2016 , Dias et al, 2018 , El-Sharkawy and El Sherif, 2012 , Khosroshahi and Valizadeh, 2020 , Koyama et al, 2018 , Lee et al, 2017 , Li and Dewhurst, 2016 , Periyasamy et al, 2018 , Rao et al, 2011 , Sampathkumar et al, 2014 , da Silva et al, 2021 , Yamada et al, 2016 ), animal model for mimicking periodontal diseases ( Sari et al, 2022 ), and oral soft tissues from rats ( Widyaningrum et al, 2018 , Widyaningrum et al, 2020 ). PAI was also discovered to be useful in the investigation of dental implants and oral biofilms ( Dias et al, 2018 , Lee et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Table 2 shows the various designs in PAI. The PAI system utilized in dentistry is available in a range of configurations, including PAM ( Alifkalaila et al, 2021 , Rao et al, 2011 , Sari et al, 2022 , da Silva et al, 2021 , Tasmara et al, 2023 , Widyaningrum et al, 2018 , Widyaningrum et al, 2020 ), PAT ( Arabpou et al, 2019 , Cheng et al, 2016 , Li and Dewhurst, 2016 , Yamada et al, 2016 ), photoacoustic ultrasound (PA/US) ( Fu, Khazaeinezhad et al, 2022 , Fu, Ling et al, 2022 , Fu et al, 2021 , Lin et al, 2017 , Moore et al, 2018 , Moore et al, 2022 , Mozaffarzadeh et al, 2021 ), SAW technique ( El-Sharkawy and El Sherif, 2012 ), all-optical PAI (AOPAI) ( Sampathkumar et al, 2014 ), acoustic-resolution PAM (AR-PAM) and PA/US ( Lee et al, 2017 ), photoacoustic spectroscopy ( Dias et al, 2018 ), AR-PAM and PAT ( Periyasamy et al, 2018 ), optical-fiber based PAI system ( Koyama et al, 2018 ), photoacoustic sensors and laser-induced plasma spectroscopy ( Khosroshahi and Valizadeh, 2020 ). PAM is most frequently used to examine oral soft tissues, characterize dental anatomy, and detect dental caries; and AR-PAM with PA/US is applied to image dental implant, jawbone, and teeth in the jawbone.…”

“…PAI can evaluate the pocket depth in periodontal tissues and therefore shows potential in the non-invasive monitoring of periodontitis ( Fu, Khazaeinezhad et al, 2022 , Fu, Ling et al, 2022 , Fu et al, 2021 , Lin et al, 2017 , Moore et al, 2018 , Moore et al, 2022 , Mozaffarzadeh et al, 2021 ). When the acoustic signal of inflamed periodontal tissue is higher than that of healthy periodontal tissue, PAI can be utilized to distinguish between the two types of periodontal tissue.…”

Optical and ultrasonic dual-sensitive sensor and its application in photoacoustic microscopy

“…5) Photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) have been combined to provide both structural and chemical information of tissues. This technology has been successfully applied in studying periodontitis 6) and atherosclerosis. 7) Researchers have proposed an optical scattering-absorption dual-mode imaging system to study the structural and functional properties of tissues at the cell level.…”