Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and necrotizing enterocolitis in a pediatric patient with medulloblastoma and COVID‐19 infection

Abstract

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has posed significant challenges to the pediatric oncology population. The effects on pediatric neuro-oncology patients are not yet well described. We present the case of a pediatric patient with medulloblastoma and COVID-19 who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).The patient, an 8-year-old male, was diagnosed with group 4 medulloblastoma metastatic to the brain and spine in February 2021.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis

“…Vasoconstriction. Hemorrhage None ASMs, Ca channel blockers Death Hill et al 2022 [ 54 ] 52 a 54 Female 31 N/A 190 Alterations of consciousness, visual disturbances, seizures O lesions Antibiotics ASMs Focal neurological symptoms Naman et al 2022 [ 55 ] 53 a 8 Male 32 Tumour 146 Focal signs, alterations of consciousness P-O, cerebellar lesions. Hemorrhage Corticosteroids, antibiotics None Death Nosal et al 2021 [ 56 ] 54 33 Female 8 Puerperium N/A Alterations of consciousness, visual disturbances Asymmetric, F-O-cerebellar lesions Antibiotics, antithrombotic None Good outcome Lal et al 2021 [ 57 ] 55 a 54 Male 53 HTN, DM 180 Focal signs Asymmetric, periventricular lesions Hydroxychloroquine, antibiotics None Good outcome Donaldson et al 2021 [ 58 ] 56 a 66 …”

“…Chloroquine was administered to 36.4% of patients (24/66 patients), plasma exchange in 2/69 patients (2.89%), corticosteroids in 19/69 patients (27.5%). Malignancy: Four subjects had an oncological history (4.8%) specifically: medulloblastoma [ 55 ], hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [ 70 ], endometrial carcinoma [ 60 ] and multiple myeloma [ 53 ]. Autoimmune diseases: Two patients had SLE (2.4%) [ 71 , 77 ].…”

“…). -Malignancy: Four subjects had an oncological history (4.8%) specifically: medulloblastoma [55], hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [70], endometrial carcinoma [60] and multiple myeloma [53]. -Autoimmune diseases: Two patients had SLE (2.4%) [71,77].…”