Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Onset Within 24 Hours Following Moderna mRNA Booster COVID-19 Vaccination: Vaccine Adverse Event Vs. Hypertension?

McCullough, Jocelyn; Ahmad, Muzammil; Tam, Idy; Portnoy, Reid; Ng, Joseph Kee‐Yin; Zachary, Kuschner; Kaell, Alan

doi:10.7759/cureus.24919

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The time interval between COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccine administration and the appearance of PRES symptoms could be determined in 66 out of 85 subjects, with a mean of 18.4 days (± 16.3 days), with a minimum of 0 days and a maximum of 70 days. We found 2 articles that describe patients who developed PRES following anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination [ 75 , 77 ] (2.4% of patients).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis

et al. 2023

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During the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, several cases of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) and of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS) in COVID-19 patients have been reported, but the link between these syndromes and COVID-19 is unclear. We performed a systematic review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to evaluate whether SARS-CoV2 infection or the drugs used to treat it could be deemed potential risk factors for PRES or RCVS. We performed a literature search. We found 70 articles (60 on PRES and 10 on RCVS) concerning n = 105 patients (n = 85 with PRES, n = 20 with RCVS). We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the two populations separately, then performed an inferential analysis to search for other independent risk factors. We found fewer than usual PRES-related (43.9%) and RCVS-related (45%) risk factors in patients with COVID-19. Such a low incidence of risk factors for PRES and RCVS might suggest the involvement of COVID-19 as an additional risk factor for both diseases due to its capability to cause endothelial dysfunction. We discuss the putative mechanisms of endothelial damage by SARS-CoV2 and antiviral drugs which may underlie the development of PRES and RCVS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, one case of PRES following administration of the Moderna mRNA booster was reported, but more studies will need to be conducted to determine a causal link. 153 In summary, serious neurological complications, including those affecting afferent vision, are exceedingly rare following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, and the benefits of vaccination far outweigh any perceived risks.…”

Section: Afferent Complications Associated Temporally With Sars-cov-2...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19

Dinkin

Sathi

2023

Semin Neurol

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We set out to describe in detail the afferent neuro-ophthalmological complications that have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, new variants of COVID-19 continue to pose an international threat, and patients with rare neuro-ophthalmic complications are likely to continue to present for care.Afferent complications from COVID-19 include homonymous visual field loss, with or without higher cortical visual syndromes, resulting from stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Optic neuritis has frequently been reported, sometimes along with acute disseminated encephalomyelopathy, often in association with either myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) or less commonly aquaporin-4 seropositivity or in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis. Ischemic optic neuropathy has rarely been reported. Papilledema, resulting either from venous sinus thrombosis or idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the setting of COVID-19, has also been described.Observed afferent neuro-ophthalmic associations need to be confirmed though larger comparative studies. Meanwhile, the range of possible complications should be recognized by neurologists and ophthalmologists alike, to facilitate faster diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.

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Seronegative acute encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccines: a case series of an overlooked diagnosis with literature review

Mansour,

Chadli,

Ghachem

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Purpose Autoimmune encephalitis is a neurological emergency of new-onset altered mental status, caused by an exaggerated immune-mediated response that targets the central nervous system. Autoimmune encephalitis has become an emerging differential diagnosis, when a classical infection cannot explain neurological symptoms. Displaying overlapping clinical presentations, ranging from the insidious onset of cognitive deficiency to more severe forms of encephalopathy with refractory seizures, autoimmune encephalitis can be challenging for clinicians. When evidence of malignancy is absent and pathogenic autoantibodies are undetected, with typical clinical and imaging features of autoimmune encephalitis, seronegative autoimmune encephalitis may be considered. Recently, vaccination-related autoimmune encephalitis and acute encephalitis after COVID-19 vaccination have attracted attention. Methods and results We report a case series consisting of three patients with autoimmune encephalitis occurring shortly after COVID-19 vaccination and a current review of all previous reported autoimmune encephalitis related to COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion We emphasise on the prompt diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis induced by Covid-19 vaccines and its timely treatment to improve the clinical outcome of this severe neurological condition. Post-licencing vaccine safety surveillance for potential adverse events is essential for vaccine safety and public confidence.

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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Onset Within 24 Hours Following Moderna mRNA Booster COVID-19 Vaccination: Vaccine Adverse Event Vs. Hypertension?

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis

Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19

Seronegative acute encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccines: a case series of an overlooked diagnosis with literature review

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