Posterior Rigid Instrumentation of C7: Surgical Considerations and Biomechanics at the Cervicothoracic Junction. A Review of the Literature

Bayoumi, Ahmed B.; Efe, Ibrahim E.; Berk, Selim; Kasper, Ekkehard M.; Toktaş, Zafer Orkun; Konya, Deniz

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.026

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Compared with all other cervical vertebrae, C7 has relatively broader laminae, larger pedicles, smaller lateral masses and a long non-bifid spinous process. These characteristics allow for a variety of surgical methods to be performed to apply posterior rigid instrumentation in the form of different types of screw, including lateral mass, pedicle, transfacet and intralaminar screws ( 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon lowering the head, the spinous process (SP) of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) of humans bulges to the skin and forms a significant eminence on the back of the neck. The C7 is usually identified by a long, club-shaped and unbranched SP ( 1 – 3 ), referred to as vertebra prominens ( 4 ). The C7 represents the bottom of the cervical spine and connects with the top of the thoracic spine, T1, to form the cervicothoracic junction, also referred to as C7-T1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C7 represents the bottom of the cervical spine and connects with the top of the thoracic spine, T1, to form the cervicothoracic junction, also referred to as C7-T1. Thus, the C7 marks the level of transition from the dynamic cervical segment to the relatively inflexible thoracic segment of the vertebral column ( 1 ). Furthermore, it is the point where cervical lordosis reverses into thoracic kyphosis, making C7 anatomically unique ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of all cervical injuries, 9% occur at the C7 segment, and the morphology of C7, which displays inter-regional, inter-ethnic and individual variations, may affect surgical approaches ( 6 ). Thus, the morphology of the C7 is a clinically significant area of interest in clinical practice ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

et al. 2018

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Palpation of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neck and chest conditions. However, the spinous process of C7 (C7-SP) displays an anatomical deviation among individuals. The present study aimed to clarify anatomic characteristics of C7-SP by using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstruction technique. A total of 245 subjects meeting the selection criteria were examined. After CT scanning, the images were reconstructed in 3D. All subjects were grouped according to their deviation of C7-SP: Deviating to the right (DR group), deviating to the left (DL group) and no deviation (ND group). Three distances and three angles were recorded on C7-SP. The vertical distances between the borders of the left and right transverse processes and the tip of the SP, were termed DLTS and DRTS, respectively. The length of the SP was also determined. The angle of the SP deviation was referred to as ∠α, the angle between the SP axis and the line crossing the tips of the transverse processes was referred to as ∠β and the angle between the vertebral body axis and the SP axis was referred to as ∠γ. Among the three groups, differences in ∠α and ∠β were statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the DLTS was significantly different between the DL and ND groups (P<0.05). In addition, a significant difference in the DRTS was identified between the DR and ND groups (P<0.05). 3D CT reconstruction was reliable for studying anatomic characteristics of C7-SP. Based on this, patients may be preliminarily grouped according to the deviation of their C7-SP and the measurement of the C7-SP may guide clinical diagnoses and treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

et al. 2018

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“…Considering the above factors, C7 vertebra is better suited for a pedicle screw rather than lateral mass screw. 2 Indian J Neurotrauma 2019;16:27-32…”

Section: Biomechanics and Operative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervicothoracic Junction Fractures Management: An Overview of Literature

Dash

2019

IJNT

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The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is a unique area of spine and is the junction between the mobile lordotic cervical spine and the rigid kyphotic thoracic spine. It extends from C6 through T4. The fractures of the CTJ are uncommon and not well known. The article focuses on biomechanics of cervicothoracic region, management strategies of fractures of cervicothoracic region, and reviews pertinent literature.

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