Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan

Burhan, Ayah Mohammad; Klahan, Butsabarat; Cummins, Wayne; Andrés‐Guerrero, Vanessa; Byrne, Mark E.; O’Reilly, Niall J.; Chauhan, Anuj; Fitzhenry, Laurence; Hughes, Helen

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13101685

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(321 reference statements)

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“…Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, mucoadhesivity, and hemocompatibility are ideal characteristics for designing nanocarriers with controlled delivery and sustained release of various therapeutics [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Chitosan has shown great promise in nanodelivery for the treatment of cancer [28][29][30], diabetes [31][32][33], eye diseases [34][35][36], infectious diseases [37][38][39][40][41], and more, being also recently employed in the delivery of vaccines [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Individual and Synergic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Chitosan-Alginate-Based Nanoparticles—An Up-to-Date Review

2022

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Chitosan and alginate are two of the most studied natural polymers that have attracted interest for multiple uses in their nano form. The biomedical field is one of the domains benefiting the most from the development of nanotechnology, as increasing research interest has been oriented to developing chitosan-alginate biocompatible delivery vehicles, antimicrobial agents, and vaccine adjuvants. Moreover, these nanomaterials of natural origin have also become appealing for environmental protection (e.g., water treatment, environmental-friendly fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides) and the food industry. In this respect, the present paper aims to discuss some of the newest applications of chitosan-alginate-based nanomaterials and serve as an inception point for further research in the field.

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Section: Individual and Synergic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Chitosan-Alginate-Based Nanoparticles—An Up-to-Date Review

2022

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“…Thus, retention of nanoparticles within the cul-de-sac after administration is essential for sustained drug release effect and prolonged therapeutic effect. To avoid potential non-specific interaction with non-corneal surfaces, the liposome is coated with mucoadhesive polymers [ 170 ]. To improve the targeted corneal attachment, monoclonal antibodies linked to antiviral-loaded liposomes have been developed [ 171 ].…”

Section: Nanocarriers In Ocular Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy—An Overview on Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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Due to complicated anatomical and physical properties, targeted drug delivery to ocular tissues continues to be a key challenge for formulation scientists. Various attempts are currently being made to improve the in vivo performance of therapeutic molecules by encapsulating them in various nanocarrier systems or devices and administering them via invasive/non-invasive or minimally invasive drug administration methods. Biocompatible and biodegradable lipid nanoparticles have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional ocular drug delivery systems to overcome various ocular barriers. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems led to major technological advancements and therapeutic advantages during the last few decades of ocular therapy, such as high precorneal residence time, sustained drug release profile, minimum dosing frequency, decreased drug toxicity, targeted site delivery, and, therefore, an improvement in ocular bioavailability. In addition, such formulations can be given as fine dispersion in patient-friendly droppable preparation without causing blurred vision and ocular sensitivity reactions. The unique advantages of lipid nanoparticles, namely, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and liposomes in intraocular targeted administration of various therapeutic drugs are extensively discussed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of various liposome-based formulations and various characterization techniques designed for nanoemulsion in ocular delivery are tabulated. This review also describes diverse solid lipid nanoparticle preparation methods, procedures, advantages, and limitations. Functionalization approaches to overcome the drawbacks of lipid nanoparticles, as well as the exploration of new functional additives with the potential to improve the penetration of macromolecular pharmaceuticals, would quickly progress the challenging field of ocular drug delivery systems.

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“…Efforts are made to design systems that have the ability to improve retention on the ocular surface. In this respect, the use of chitosan to improve the delivery of drugs into the eye tissues for its properties as a mucoadhesive agent, controlled drug release and permeation enhancer is interesting [ 24 ]. It is used in conjugation with a drug, such as in the study of Dubashynskaya et al, to improve the intravitreal delivery of dexamethasone [ 109 ].…”

Section: Fluorescent Nanosystems In Ocular Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanotechnology represents a field of recent interest to overcome these issues. One potential strategy for improving drug delivery to the different eye tissues uses nanocarriers with specific size and surface properties, designed to ensure successful achievement of the drug to the target tissue, as well as the potential for a controlled release of the loaded drug, reducing the frequency of treatment and improving the retention time on the corneal surface [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Currently, the most widely studied nanosystems are used in the treatment of anterior eye diseases such as cataracts [ 25 ], glaucoma [ 26 ], dry eye syndrome [ 27 ], keratitis [ 28 ], conjunctivitis [ 29 ] and uveitis [ 30 ], but also posterior eye diseases such as retinitis [ 31 ], macular degeneration [ 32 ], endophthalmitis [ 33 ] and ocular tumors [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greater surface area (in humans, about 17 times bigger than the cornea) and the presence of larger pore sizes promote increased permeability compared to the cornea. However, mucus and the presence of lymphatics and vasculature increases systemic leakage [ 24 , 38 ]. In ocular topical administration, reaching the posterior portion is size-dependent [ 65 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescent Nanosystems for Drug Tracking and Theranostics: Recent Applications in the Ocular Field

et al. 2022

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The greatest challenge associated with topical drug delivery for the treatment of diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye is to overcome the poor bioavailability of the carried molecules. Nanomedicine offers the possibility to overcome obstacles related to physiological mechanisms and ocular barriers by exploiting different ocular routes. Functionalization of nanosystems by fluorescent probes could be a useful strategy to understand the pathway taken by nanocarriers into the ocular globe and to improve the desired targeting accuracy. The application of fluorescence to decorate nanocarrier surfaces or the encapsulation of fluorophore molecules makes the nanosystems a light probe useful in the landscape of diagnostics and theranostics. In this review, a state of the art on ocular routes of administration is reported, with a focus on pathways undertaken after topical application. Numerous studies are reported in the first section, confirming that the use of fluorescent within nanoparticles is already spread for tracking and biodistribution studies. The first section presents fluorescent molecules used for tracking nanosystems’ cellular internalization and permeation of ocular tissues; discussions on the classification of nanosystems according to their nature (lipid-based, polymer-based, metallic-based and protein-based) follows. The following sections are dedicated to diagnostic and theranostic uses, respectively, which represent an innovation in the ocular field obtained by combining dual goals in a single administration system. For its great potential, this application of fluorescent nanoparticles would experience a great development in the near future. Finally, a brief overview is dedicated to the use of fluorescent markers in clinical trials and the market in the ocular field.

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Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan

Cited by 33 publications

References 171 publications

Applications of Chitosan-Alginate-Based Nanoparticles—An Up-to-Date Review

Applications of Chitosan-Alginate-Based Nanoparticles—An Up-to-Date Review

Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy—An Overview on Recent Advances

Fluorescent Nanosystems for Drug Tracking and Theranostics: Recent Applications in the Ocular Field

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