“…In his commentary 3 John E. Madias, MD, describes other indirect mechanisms whereby QTc changes may be produced, including some that might be affected by drugs, and some that do not reflect true effects on ventricular repolarization and presumably carry no risk of TdP. These include augmentation 4,5 of the QRST complex which is discussed in the commentary in detail, and, among others, QTc changes associated with intraventricular conduction abnormalities 6,7 ; ischemia 8,9,10 ; Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 11 ; hypoglycemia 12,13 ; hypercapnia 14 ; and pathologies of the central nervous system, such as tumors or intracranial bleeding, 15–17 sleep stages, 18 and food intake 19 …”