Postflight reconditioning for European Astronauts – A case report of recovery after six months in space

Petersen, Nora; Lambrecht, Gunda; Scott, Jonathan; Hirsch, Natalie; Stokes, María; Mester, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2016.12.010

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Bed rest did not cause a reduction in muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions. Indeed, this finding was not in agreement with the impaired muscle performance commonly observed post-flight, or after prolonged bed rest (Petersen et al 2017;Kawakami et al 2001;Mulder et al 2007). It is interesting to note, however, that the repeated contractions in the fatigue test were accompanied by the absence of any difference in EMG amplitude before and after bed rest.…”

Section: Muscle Fatigue Resistancementioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of 21 days of bed rest and whey protein supplementation on plantar flexor muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions

et al. 2020

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Purpose Space flight and bed rest (BR) lead to a rapid decline in exercise capacity. Whey protein plus potassium bicarbonate diet-supplementation (NUTR) could attenuate this effect by improving oxidative metabolism. We evaluated the impact of 21-day BR and NUTR on fatigue resistance of plantar flexor muscles (PF) during repeated shortening contractions, and whether any change was related to altered energy metabolism and muscle oxygenation. Methods Ten healthy men received a standardized isocaloric diet with (n = 5) or without (n = 5) NUTR. Eight bouts of 24 concentric plantar flexions (30 s each bout) with 20 s rest between bouts were employed. PF muscle size was assessed by means of peripheral quantitative computed tomography. PF muscle volume was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. PF muscle force, contraction velocity, power and surface electromyogram signals were recorded during each contraction, as well as energy metabolism (31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy). Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured during an incremental cycle exercise test. Results BR caused 10-15% loss of PF volume that was partly recovered 3 days after re-ambulation, as a consequence of fluid redistribution. Unexpectedly, PF fatigue resistance was not affected by BR or NUTR. BR induced a shift in muscle metabolism toward glycolysis and some signs of impaired muscle oxygen extraction. NUTR did not attenuate the BRinduced-shift in energy metabolism. Conclusions Twenty-one days' BR did not impair PF fatigue resistance, but the shift to glycolytic metabolism and indications of impaired oxygen extraction may be early signs of developing reduced muscle fatigue resistance.

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Section: Muscle Fatigue Resistancementioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of 21 days of bed rest and whey protein supplementation on plantar flexor muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions

et al. 2020

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“…Astronauts are then supported to redevelop postural alignment in line with the centre of gravity and to develop adequate motor control before they start to exercise with elements of loading and strength training. The latter is only started after the astronauts have regained correct postural alignment and control [54,55].…”

Section: Rehabilitation Following Actual and Simulated Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Countermeasure Development for Lumbopelvic Deconditioning in Space

Winnard

Debuse

Caplan

2018

Into Space - A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity

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Physical inactivity and lumbopelvic deconditioning have been linked to increased incidence of non-specific low back pain (LBP) and spinal injury in those who are exposed to microgravity (e.g. astronauts and individuals on long-duration bed rest) and in the general population. Astronauts have an increased risk of experiencing moderate to severe LBP during microgravity exposure and herniated intervertebral discs within 1 year following spaceflight. Atrophy and reduced motor control of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) muscles resulting from periods of deconditioning are linked to non-specific LBP and spinal injury risk in both post-flight astronauts and general populations. However, voluntary recruitment of these two key muscles is difficult and presents a rehabilitation challenge. This chapter reviews the concept of spinal stability as it relates to microgravity, discusses how existing exercise countermeasures used in space do not successfully maintain lumbopelvic muscle size, and introduces the functional readaptive exercise device (FRED) that shows potential to activate the LM and TrA muscles automatically and in a tonic fashion, which has relevance to rehabilitation of both astronaut and terrestrial populations.

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“…The gravity gateway reflex defines an initial site for immune cell invasion into the CNS during EAE Gravity helps maintain physical functions such as muscle strength and bone mass [27,28]. It also has an effect on the immune system, as immune cell counts in the blood and cytokine production capacity of astronauts significantly change during space flight [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stimulations regulate the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS

Kamimura

Murakami

2019

J Intern Med

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The systemic regulation of immune reactions by the nervous system is well studied and depends on the release of hormones. Some regional regulations of immune reactions, on the other hand, depend on specific neural pathways. Better understanding of these regulations will expand therapeutic applications for neuroimmune and organ‐to‐organ functional interactions. Here, we discuss one regional neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex, which converts specific neural inputs into local inflammatory outputs in the CNS. Neurotransmitters released by the inputs stimulate specific blood vessels to express chemokines, which serve as a gateway for immune cells to extravasate into the target organ such as the brain or spinal cord. Several types of gateway reflexes have been reported, and each controls distinct CNS blood vessels to form gateways that elicit local inflammation, particularly in the presence of autoreactive immune cells. For example, neural stimulation by gravity creates the initial entry point to the CNS by CNS‐reactive pathogenic CD4+ T cells at the dorsal vessels of fifth lumbar spinal cord, while pain opens the gateway at the ventral side of blood vessels in the spinal cord. In addition, it was recently found that local inflammation by the gateway reflex in the brain triggers the activation of otherwise resting neural circuits to dysregulate organ functions in the periphery including the upper gastrointestinal tract and heart. Therefore, the gateway reflex represents a novel bidirectional neuroimmune interaction that regulates organ functions and could be a promising target for bioelectric medicine.

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Postflight reconditioning for European Astronauts – A case report of recovery after six months in space

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of 21 days of bed rest and whey protein supplementation on plantar flexor muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions

Effects of 21 days of bed rest and whey protein supplementation on plantar flexor muscle fatigue resistance during repeated shortening contractions

Countermeasure Development for Lumbopelvic Deconditioning in Space

Neural stimulations regulate the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS

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