“…Natural movements of organisms following the expansions and contractions of glacial ice sheets during the Quaternary climatic oscillations have resulted in the geographic and genetic isolation of species/populations across temperate regions (Hewitt, , ; Schmitt, Rober, & Seitz, ; Schmitt & Seitz, ). For example, in Europe, many studies have shown how the persistence of populations in separate glacial refugia (e.g., the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas, the Caucasus region, North Africa, and microrefugia in the Alps) during the Quaternary climatic oscillations promoted genetic diversity in contemporary populations (Andersen, Havill, Caccone, & Elkinton, ; Habel, Lens, Rodder, & Schmitt, ; Huck, Buedel, & Schmitt, ; Niedzialkowska et al, ; von Reumont, Struwe, Schwarzer, & Misof, ; Rofes et al, ; Schmitt, ; Schmitt & Müller, ; Sim, Hall, Jex, Hegel, & Coltman, ; Stolting et al, ; Torroni et al, ). For outbreaking species, reconstructing the biogeographical history of the species can help to determine the factors that might be promoting their outbreak (e.g., Moyal et al, ; Song et al, ; Zhu et al, ).…”