Postharvest handling induces changes in fruit DNA methylation status and is associated with alterations in fruit quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.)

Abstract

Postharvest handling of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), specifically low-temperature storage and early harvest are used to extend shelf life, but often reduce fruit quality. Recent work suggests that DNA methylation dynamics influences fruit ripening through the demethylase SlDML2 gene. However, the influence of postharvest handling on DNA methylation in relation to fruit quality is unclear. This work aimed to clarify these issues by analyzing DNA methylation using methyl-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), semi-quantitative transcriptional analysis of marker genes for fruit quality (RIN; RIPENING INHIBITOR) and DNA methylation (SlDML2; Solanum lycopersicum L. DNA demethylase 2), and, fruit biochemical quality biomarkers. Multivariate analysis of these data supported the view that DNA methylation of fruit was influenced more by postharvest handling than ripening stage, however, fruit quality was influenced mainly by ripening. Fruit chilled postharvest were distinct in their DNA methylation state and quality characteristics, which implied that these three phenomena i.e., chilling, methylation, and quality are highly connected. In addition, different postharvest handling methods modulated SlDML2 transcript levels but had little effect on the level of RIN transcripts in fruit that reached the Turning stage after early harvest, and cold storage. These data collectively helped to advance our interpretation of tomato fruit ripening. In conclusion, our findings revealed that postharvest-induced variation in fruit quality is in relation to DNA methylation. Long-term this work will help better connect physiological changes in tomato fruit to events happening at the molecular level.

DNA methylation in tomato fruit ripening

“…Ethylene and DNA methylation are both important ways to regulate fruit ripening, but what is the specific molecular mechanism of their interaction? Additionally, Zhou et al (2020) demonstrated that the relationship between DNA methylation and fruit quality is not linear. But the complex biological mechanism affected by DNA methylation is still unknown.…”

“…Unfortunately, few studies have analyzed the correlation between DNA methylation and fruit ripening quality. Recently, Zhou et al (2020) revealed that the postharvest fruit quality variation was related to DNA methylation. However, little is known about the specific roles of DNA methylation in the ripening quality of tomato.…”