Postharvest Insect Pest and Foliar Disease Resistance and Agronomic Performance of New Maize Hybrids in East Africa

Tefera, Tadele; Mugo, Stephen; Beyene, Yoseph; Karaya, Haron; Gakunga, John; Demissie, Girma

doi:10.3923/ijpbg.2013.92.104

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Management programs have explored diverse alternatives to reduce insect postharvest losses, including chemical crop protection and the implementation of hermetical storage structures (Boyer et al, 2012;García-Lara et al, 2013a,b;Gitonga et al, 2013;Mlambo et al, 2017;Tefera et al, 2011a). International breeding efforts have endeavored to develop high yield insect-resistant maize varieties (Abebe et al, 2009;Tefera et al, 2013Tefera et al, , 2016, using maize landraces as natural sources of resistance, which are also adapted to the farming conditions of the target regions. (Arnason et al, 1994;Abebe et al, 2009;García-Lara and Bergvinson, 2013;Midega et al, 2016;Mikami et al, 2012;Tefera et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest insect resistance in maize

López-Castillo

Silva-Fernández

Winkler

et al. 2018

Journal of Stored Products Research

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One of the main challenges for the 21st century is ensuring global food security. Today, maize is the largest staple crop produced worldwide. Postharvest primary insect pests, especially the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and the large grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) cause food-grain losses during storage up to 40% of total production, mainly in developing countries. Alternatives for pest management have been explored, including the implementation of hermetic storage structures and the application of chemical insecticides. Nevertheless, in low-income regions, both strategies are rarely accessible to smallholders. Modern breeding programs have endeavored to develop insect-resistant varieties, which diminish postharvest pest losses. In this review, we report the current status and advances in maize kernel-pest interactions, the bases and mechanisms of kernel resistance and their biotechnological perspectives. We demonstrate that the comprehension of resistance mechanisms has been fundamental for the development of new productive and resistant varieties, representing a sustainable alternative for developing countries. Finally, we analyse the biotechnological perspectives of natural kernel resistance in global food security.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest insect resistance in maize

López-Castillo

Silva-Fernández

Winkler

et al. 2018

Journal of Stored Products Research

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“…The resistance could either be due to antibiosis as a result of biochemical compounds which are toxic to insects or physical factors such as grain hardness (Garcia-Lara et al, 2004;Siwale et al, 2009;War et al, 2017). Resistance can also be attributed to pericarp surface texture, nutritional factors such as amylose, lipid and protein content (Dobie, 1974;Tipping et al, 1988;Tefera et al, 2013) or non-nutritional factors, especially phenolic compounds (Serratos et al, 1987;Tefera et al, 2013). Gerema et al (2017) reported that high level of grain damage depends on the number of emerging insects and grains permitting high level of adult emergence.…”

Section: Maize Weevil Damage Of Inbred Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance

Khakata¹,

Mbute²,

Cheminingâ€TMwa³

et al. 2018

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) storage insect pest in the tropics which reduces the quantity and quality of maize hence facilitating establishment of aflatoxin and other mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize weevil resistance on selected inbred lines. Twenty eight inbred lines with 2 checks (MTPO701-reistant and Duma 41-susceptible) were used in this experiment. Thirty unsexed adult insects were introduced into 250 ml glass jars with grains of the lines at room temperature. Evaluation of weevil damage was done at 10, 60 and 120 days after maize weevil infestation. Each category of storage period was replicated 4 times and experiment was set at the same time. Data was collected on percent weevil damage, grain weight loss and number of live and dead weevils on each inbred line. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on weight loss. The selection of the resistant genotypes was based on percent weight loss after 60 days. Resistant lines selected included KEN2/TZL2.25# and LEPOOL-1/TZL2-2-1. These lines showed resistance to maize weevil damage and hence can be stored up to 4 months. At 120 days there was maximum damage and most lines could not be differentiated on the basis of resistance. KEN2/TZL2-2-5# showed consistency in resistance to maize weevils at all storage periods. High heritability at 60 days showed that selection for weevil resistance in these inbred lines is effective and feasible. Results in this study also revealed high, positive and significant correlation relationship between percent damage, weight loss and live weevils. The maize weevil resistant lines can be used to improve resistance of high yielding varieties in breeding programmes.

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“…The crop was fertilized with 150 kg ha -1 of di-ammonium phosphate during planting followed by top-dressing with an equal amount of calcium ammonium nitrate six weeks after planting. Data on MSV severity was collected as percentage of diseased plants per plot, and severity was measured using a visual scale of 1-5, where 1 = highly resistant with no symptoms, 2 = resistant with light symptoms, 3 = moderately resistant with moderate streaking, 4 = susceptible with severe streaking and 5 = highly susceptible with severe streaking and stunting (Tefera et al, 2013). Checks UH615 and SC627 were included as comparative controls to assess MSV disease reaction.…”

Section: Experimental Design Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype-by-environment interaction analysis of maize hybrids for grain yield and maize streak virus severity in the mid-altitude agro-ecologies

Nyaligwa¹,

Shimelis²,

Mwadzingeni³

et al. 2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of G × E, and to select promising experimental maize hybrids with high grain yield and MSV resistance. Fifty genotypes comprising of 45 newly developed single cross hybrids and five standard checks were evaluated using a 5 × 10 alpha lattice design with two replications across six environments. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and the Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot models were used to quantify G × E interaction. AMMI analysis revealed that genotype, G x E and environmental effects contributed to 12.4%, 17.76% and 52.06% of the variation in yield, respectively. Experimental hybrid G43 (CML509/CML390) had a relatively high mean grain yield of 6.70 t ha-1 and moderate MSV severity of 31.88% across the six testing environments. This hybrid can be recommended for direct production, or for three-way hybrid development. Hybrids with low MSV severity scores but exhibiting low grain yields could be useful genetic resources for MSV resistance breeding in maize.

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Postharvest Insect Pest and Foliar Disease Resistance and Agronomic Performance of New Maize Hybrids in East Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Postharvest insect resistance in maize

Postharvest insect resistance in maize

Post-harvest evaluation of selected inbred lines to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais resistance

Genotype-by-environment interaction analysis of maize hybrids for grain yield and maize streak virus severity in the mid-altitude agro-ecologies

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