Postharvest Treatment of Fibrous Feedstuffs to Improve Their Nutritive Value

Fahey, G. C.; Bourquin, Leslie D.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.; Atwell, D. G.

doi:10.2134/1993.foragecellwall.c26

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The value of crop residues may be improved by the use of an alkaline treatment such as Ca(OH) 2 (Rounds et al, 1976;Waller, 1976) or NaOH (Berger et al, 1979a;Lesoing et al, 1980;Paterson et al, 1980). Fahey et al (1993) reviewed 32 studies in which NaOHtreated crop residues were included (compromising at least 60% of diet DM) and found a 30% improvement in total tract DM digestibility. However, NaOH-treated feedstuffs can negatively shift the site of fiber digestion to the lower gut (Berger et al, 1979b), which potentially diminishes the energetic benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility and performance of steers fed low-quality crop residues treated with calcium oxide to partially replace corn in distillers grains finishing diets1

Shreck

Nuttelman

Harding

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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Two studies were conducted to identify methods for treating crop residues to improve digestibility and value in finishing diets based on corn grain and corn wet distillers grain with solubles (WDGS). In Exp. 1, 336 yearling steers (initial BW 356 ± 11.5 kg) were used in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments with 6 pens per treatment. Factors were 3 crop residues (corn cobs, wheat straw, and corn stover) and 2 treatments where crop residues were either fed (20% diet DM) in their native form (NT) or alkaline treated with 5% CaO (DM basis) and hydrated to 50% DM before anaerobic storage (AT). Intakes were not affected by diet (F test; P = 0.30). An interaction between chemical treatment and residue (P < 0.01) was noted for final BW, ADG, G:F, and HCW. Greater final BW was observed for treated stover (4.6%) and straw (5.6%) compared with NT residues; however, AT and NT cobs were similar. Treated straw (9.7%) and stover (12.5%) resulted in greater ADG (P < 0.01) and improved G:F (10.7% and 5.0%, respectively; P < 0.01) compared with NT forms. In Exp. 2, ruminally fistulated steers (n = 5) were used in an unbalanced 5 × 7 incomplete Latin square design with a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were crop residue (corn cobs, wheat straw, and corn stover) and chemical treatment (NT or AT) fed at 25% of diet DM. Greater DM (73.7% vs. 66.1%; P < 0.01), OM (77.0% vs. 68.5%; P < 0.01), fat (89.2 vs. 85.2; P = 0.02), and NDF (66.8% vs. 51.5%; P < 0.01) digestibilities were noted for AT than for NT. However, no difference (P > 0.10) was observed between control (46% corn; DM basis) and AT (31% corn; DM basis) for DM digestibility (70.7% vs. 73.7%) or OM digestibility (72.1% vs. 77.0%). Dry matter intakes were not different between treated and untreated diets (P = 0.38), but lower (P < 0.01) NDF intake was observed for treated diets (3.1 vs. 3.5 kg/d), suggesting that CaO treatment was effective in solubilizing some carbohydrate. These data suggest that 15% replacement of corn and 10% untreated residue with treated forage result in a nutrient supply of OM similar to that of the control. The improvements in total tract fiber digestibility that occurred when treated forages were fed may have been related to increased digestibility of recoverable NDF and not to increased ruminal pH. Feeding chemically treated crop residues and WDGS is an effective strategy for replacing a portion of corn grain and roughage in feedlot diets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility and performance of steers fed low-quality crop residues treated with calcium oxide to partially replace corn in distillers grains finishing diets1

Shreck

Nuttelman

Harding

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Klopfenstein et al (1972) indicated that poor quality roughages can be treated with 3 to 5% NaOH so that, the moist mixture after ensiling is consumed readily by lambs without further treatment; also, the dry matter digestibility is increased by sufficient magnitude to potentially The best ginger lily nutritive valorisation results were obtained with higher NaOH concentrations. Care is advised, however, as pointed out by Sundstol (1984), Fahey Jr. et al (1993, Reis et al (1995), and Lendowski et al (2015), as the great efficiency of sodium hydroxide in the treatment of fibrous feeds presents the disadvantage of possible contamination of the environment due to the excessive elimination of sodium from the animal urine and faeces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium hydroxide treatment in ginger lily forage (Hedychium gardnerianum, Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl) as forage for animal feeding

Dias¹,

Madruga²,

Vouzela³

et al. 2021

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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This study evaluated the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the chemical composition (fibrous structure) and nutritive value of Hedychium gardnerianum (ginger lily), a fibre source traditionally used in ruminant feeding in the Azores. Ginger lily samples were manually harvested and dried in a forced-air oven at 65ºC until constant weight. Treatments were applied by spraying the ginger lily with a NaOH solution at a concentration of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%, at a rate of 1 L of solution per 1 kg of dry ginger lily, and waiting 7 days. The samples were subject to chemical analyses in a laboratory for the determination of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, NDF (neutral detergent fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre), and ADL (acid detergent lignin). The DM digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were determined in vitro. The NaOH treatment led to a significant (p<0.05) reduction of NDF and ADF and led to a significant (p<0.05) in vitro DMD and OMD increase, with best results obtained for an 8% NaOH concentration. It was concluded that the NaOH treatment influences the ginger lily's chemical composition, reducing the NDF and ADF concentrations, and increasing the in vitro DMD.

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“…Also, it has been reported that dietary feeding essential oil extracted from thyme improved the secretion of digestive enzymes (Jang et al, 2004). Phenolic compounds (thymol and carvacrol) presence in thyme may be act as enzyme inhibitors (Fahey et al, 1993). For example it was found that the pure components of essential oils inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CO A) reductase activity (Crowell, 1999) which is a key regulatory enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.…”

Section: Production Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Oregano Supplementation on Productive Performance and Some Physiological Parameters of Inshas Chickens Strain

Soliman

Mousa²,

Bahakaim³

2016

EPSJ

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In this experiment, Robadiar (R) or Orego-Stim (OS) foreign commercial products were used as a source of oregano. A total number of 165 Inshas strain birds (150 hens and 15 cocks) 24-wks-old were used in this experiment up to 40 wks of age. All birds were individually weighed and randomly divided into 5 equal experimental groups (30 hens and 3 cocks of each) with three replicates (10 hens and 1 cock each) with almost similar initial average body weight. Replicates were randomly housed in floor pens. The first group was fed the basal diet without supplementation and served as control. The second and third groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2 and 0.4g Robadiar/kg diet, respectively as a first source of oregano. The fourth and fifth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.3 and 0.6g Orego-Stim/kg diet, respectively as a second source of oregano. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: hens fed diets supplemented with either R or OS as oregano recorded the best values of egg production percentage, egg mass and feed conversion ratio than the control group. Hens fed on 0.4g Robadiar/kg diet (T3) recorded the better feed conversion ratio compared with other treatments (except T2 group) or control groups. Improvement was found in yolk% in hens supplemented with T3 group compared with other treatments or control groups. Adding oregano at different levels and types to layer diets significantly (P≤0.05) increased relative oviduct, the highest values were recorded by T3 group. There were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased relative abdominal fat due to adding oregano to layer diets, the lowest value was recorded in the third group. Both total anaerobic and Escherichia coli (E. coli) counts of bacteria were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased, while lactobacillus count was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by different types of added oregano when compared to the control group. Birds of T3 group had recorded the lowest counts of both anaerobic and E. coli bacteria, and the highest count of lactobacillus compared to other treatments. Each of plasma total lipids, total cholesterol, Triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins concentrations were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased by all the dietary treatments compared to control group. While, concentrations of plasma proteins and plasma of aspartate amino transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were not affected.

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Postharvest Treatment of Fibrous Feedstuffs to Improve Their Nutritive Value

Cited by 26 publications

References 144 publications

Digestibility and performance of steers fed low-quality crop residues treated with calcium oxide to partially replace corn in distillers grains finishing diets1

Digestibility and performance of steers fed low-quality crop residues treated with calcium oxide to partially replace corn in distillers grains finishing diets1

Effect of sodium hydroxide treatment in ginger lily forage (Hedychium gardnerianum, Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl) as forage for animal feeding

Effect of Dietary Oregano Supplementation on Productive Performance and Some Physiological Parameters of Inshas Chickens Strain

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