Postmenopausal bleeding among rural women in Tamil Nadu, India: Mixed methods study

Sindhuri, R; Dongre, Amol R

doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_162_18

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mean age of menopause in participants in our study was 49.1 ± 1.3 years, with almost one-half of participants with PMB (49.16%) being within 1-3 years of menopause. Similar results were reported in a study by Sindhuri and Dongre in which the majority of the cases (53.33%) presented within 1-5 years of menopause [16]. The average parity of participants in our study was 3.375 ± 1.3, with the majority of participants having parity in the range of two to five.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Study of 120 Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab

Talwar,

Kaur,

Tapasvi

et al. 2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as blood loss from the genital tract occurring 12 months or more after an individual’s last menstrual period. It is important for women to recognize abnormal symptoms during menopause, with PMB being one of the most critical. PMB is a common clinical presentation and can be indicative of endometrial carcinoma. A thorough clinical assessment and endometrial histopathology can ensure early diagnosis and treatment of malignancy in high-risk patients. Materials and Methods This study included 120 women with PMB. Their clinical and histopathological characteristics were studied, and correlations between the characteristics were investigated. Patients were evaluated according to their age, parity, duration of menopause, and socioeconomic status. Various comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity were noted. Results The patients ranged in age from 45 to 80 years, with a mean age of 54.97 ± 5.86 years. Fifty-nine (49.16%) of the patients presented with PMB within 3 years of menopause. PMB was seen most commonly in patients with parity 3, accounting for 37 (30.83%) of the cases. Endometrial thickness was increased in 100 (83.33%) cases. The most common causes of PMB were simple hyperplasia without atypia (SHWOA) in 36 (36%) patients and atrophic endometrium in 14 (14%) patients. Twelve (10%) of the patients had endometrial carcinoma. Benign causes of PMB were present in 91 (75.3%) cases, whereas 29 (24.1%) had a malignant cause. Weakly positive, but significant correlations ( P < 0.05) were seen between the development of malignancy and increasing age (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.263) parity (r = 0.244), and body mass index (r = 0.272). Conclusions PMB is considered abnormal. Benign causes are more common, but malignant causes are possible. In the current study, endometrial carcinoma was the most common malignant cause of PMB. Endometrial carcinoma incidence increased with greater endometrial thickness and more years since menopause. Histopathological examination remains the criterion standard for the correct diagnosis. Initiatives are recommended for increasing awareness about PMB to support prompt medical attention for a better prognosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Study of 120 Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab

Talwar,

Kaur,

Tapasvi

et al. 2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

What do women in rural Bareilly think about postmenopausal bleeding? A mixed-method study

Agarwal

Upadhayay

Katyal

2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Perception of women about postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) varies across different social, cultural and economic settings and it may have a greater influence on their treatment seeking behavior. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is an alarming sign of a probable underlying cervical/endometrial cancer. Objectives were to explore the perceptions of causes and treatment of postmenopausal bleeding among menopausal women and to quantify the various perceived reasons for PMB.Methods: It was a sequential exploratory mixed methods study design, where two group interviews were conducted with purposively selected eight postmenopausal women (>30 years of age) in each group (qualitative phase) followed by a house-to-house survey among a representative sample of 1530 postmenopausal women (quantitative phase). The qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis and quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics in Epi infoTM 7.Results: Women perceived problems in uterus, cancer, improved nutrition, old age, sudden liberation of stagnant blood from uterus body nature as causes for PMB. Lack of seriousness about PMB, stigma, shyness and lack of resources were stated as barriers for treatment of PMB. Among 1530 women surveyed, 40.8% of them didn’t know the cause for PMB. Problem in uterus, cancer and sudden liberation of stagnant blood from uterus were stated as reasons by 17.6%, 16.8% and 8.7% of respondents respectively. About 15.8% and 13.2% of women stated improved nutrition and old age respectively as cause for PMB.Conclusions: Most of the women did not know the reason for PMB and its awareness is crucial for better uptake of screening to detect any underlying pathology at an early stage.

show abstract

Endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women: Analysis of 112 cases in tertiary care centre

Walke¹,

Datar²,

Kowe³

2020

PJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Postmenopausal bleeding is a frequent finding accounting for 5-10% of women in gynaecology clinic. About 10% of these patients have primary or secondary malignancy. Aim: The histopathological patterns of endometrium, in postmenopausal women presenting with bleeding were studied along with the frequency of endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: It was both a prospective and retrospective, observational study carried out over a period of one and half year in tertiary care teaching hospital on 112 postmenopausal women, above 40 year of age with history of one year of amenorrhoea without hormone replacement therapy. The samples were obtained by dilatation and curettage and endometrial pipelle procedure. Results and Discussion: Maximum patients belonged to age group of 46-50 year. The most common histopathological pattern observed was atrophic endometrium in 42 (37.5%) patients followed by simple hyperplasia in 13(11.6%) and endometrial polyp in 7(6.25%) cases. Irregular shedding of endometrium was diagnosed in 8 case (7.14%). The maximum patients of endometrial carcinoma (5.35 %) were noted in 61-65 age groups. Inflammatory pathology was found in 4(3.56%) and atypical hyperplasia was seen a single case (0.89%). In 8 cases, the opinion could not be offered due to inadequacy of sample. Conclusion:As the incidence of malignancy in postmenopausal period remains sufficiently high, it requires immediate investigation in the form of endometrial sampling for early diagnosis, prompt treatment and vigilant follow up.

show abstract

Postmenopausal bleeding among rural women in Tamil Nadu, India: Mixed methods study

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Study of 120 Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab

Clinical and Histopathological Characteristics in Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Study of 120 Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Punjab

What do women in rural Bareilly think about postmenopausal bleeding? A mixed-method study

Endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women: Analysis of 112 cases in tertiary care centre

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About