Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Change in Mammographic Density

Abstract

Greater mammographic density was associated with the use of estrogen/progestin combination therapy, regardless of how the progestin was given, but not with the use of estrogen only.

Dietary patterns and breast density in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study

“…A previous analysis of food and nutrient intake and breast density in the same sample of participants from the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Cohort [31] showed associations of percent breast density with alcohol, poly unsaturated fat, and vitamins C and E and inverse associations for saturated fat and dairy intake among pre menopausal women, while among postmenopausal women percent density was associated with intake of vitamin B 12 and white wine and inversely associated with red wine intake. However, this previous analysis used a subjective estimate of percent density determined by an experienced radiologist.…”

“…It is strongly associated with breast cancer risk [9,10], is modifiable [11][12][13], and changes in this factor have recently been associated with changes in risk [14]. Although individual dietary components have been exam ined with breast density, only one study has examined the association of dietary patterns with breast density [15].…”

Insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and daily cycling estrogen are associated with mammographic density in premenopausal women

“…While percent mammographic density represents the fibroglandular tissue and fat tissue, absolute mammographic density represents the dense area. Mammographic density has been reported to vary during the menstrual cycle [8,9], and breast cancer risk factors, including the use of exogenous hormones, have been studied mostly in relation to, and associated with, percent mammographic density [10,11] and breast cancer development [12,13]. Recently, endogenous sex hormone levels and percent mammographic density were associated with breast cancer risk, both independently and in combination [14].…”

Interaction of dense breast patterns with other breast cancer risk factors in a case–control study

“…In recent years, there has been increasing interest in breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer, as a potential marker for changes in the breast and as a criterion for inclusion in prevention trials (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 2002;Warwick et al, 2003). Radiologically dense breasts are known to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998), to be associated with other risk factors for breast cancer (Jakes et al, 2000;Warwick et al, 2003) and to be amenable to exogenous hormonal stimuli (Atkinson et al, 1999;Atkinson and Bingham, 2002;Greendale et al, 2003).The last phenomenon is of particular interest. Increased density (i.e.…”

“…Radiologically dense breasts are known to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (Warner et al, 1992;Sala et al, 1998), to be associated with other risk factors for breast cancer (Jakes et al, 2000;Warwick et al, 2003) and to be amenable to exogenous hormonal stimuli (Atkinson et al, 1999;Atkinson and Bingham, 2002;Greendale et al, 2003).…”