Postmenopausal hormone therapy with estradiol and norethisterone acetate and mammographic density: findings from a cross-sectional study among Norwegian women

Stuedal, Anne; Ma, Hui; Bjørndal, Hilde; Ursin, Giske

doi:10.1080/13697130802638458

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been consistently shown that combined estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT) increases mammographic density [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, certain aspects of this association need to be further clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is not clear whether different types of EPT have different effects on mammographic density. For example, norethisterone acetate (NETA) regimens have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer than other types of EPT [19], but only a limited number of studies have examined whether this type of EPT affects mammographic density differently than other types [7,15]. Furthermore, few studies have investigated mammographic density in relation to duration of hormone therapy (HT) use, or the time since stopping HT, and the results have been inconclusive [7,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hormone therapy use and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women

Couto

Qureshi

Hofvind

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While studies have shown that use of postmenopausal hormone therapy with estrogen and progestogen (EPT) increases mammographic density, aspects of this association remain unclear. We examined whether mammographic density differed by type of hormone therapy (HT) used, dose, duration of use, time since last use, and whether the effects are modified by age and body mass index (BMI). Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 2,424 postmenopausal women aged 50-69 years participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Mammographic density was assessed with a computerassisted method, and we estimated mean absolute and percent mammographic density through multiple linear regression, and adjusting for possible confounders. Mammographic density was higher among current HT users (percent density: 22.6%; 95% CI: 22.1-23.2%) than among former (17.7%; 17.2-18.2%) or never users (16.3%; 15.7-16.8%). The highest density was seen in current EPT users of high-dose norethisterone acetate (NETA) regimens who had a percent density of 26.2% (24.3-28.1%). Results differed when considering the combined effect of age and BMI. The effect of EPT on mammographic density was modified by age and BMI, with no apparent association among the youngest women (aged 50-55) with the highest BMI (BMI C 26). A higher mammographic density was found in EPT users compared to never HT users, particularly in women using high-dose NETA regimens. Age and BMI modified the association between EPT use and mammographic density.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone therapy use and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women

Couto

Qureshi

Hofvind

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such effects have been monitored by sequential mammograms for the risk factors age, menopause, HRT and even for anti-hormone treatment (Byrne et al, 1995;Atkinson et al, 1999;Brisson et al, 2000;Vachon et al, 2000;Rutter et al, 2001;Greendale et al, 2003;Cuzick et al, 2004;Warren, 2004;Maskarinec et al, 2006;Boyd et al, 2006a;Kerlikowske et al, 2007;Stuedal et al, 2009). Concerning age, the average percentage of density in women in the National Breast Screening Study (Boyd et al, 2002;Russo et al, 2006) differed by 20% between the ages 40-44 and 55-59 years, compared with an 8% reduction in percentage of MD observed over 5 years in individuals who went through menopause, compared with 2% in women of the same age who did not experience menopause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of mammographic density before and after first full-term pregnancy

Loehberg

Jud

Haeberle

et al. 2010

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mammographic density (MD) has consistently been found as one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors. In our study, both qualitative and quantitative density measurements were performed in a hospital-based group of premenopausal women before and after first full-term pregnancy providing an opportunity for direct evaluation of the effects of one pregnancy on MD. Mammograms were obtained from 23 women before and after first full-term pregnancy and from 28 nulliparous controls. MD was determined by a standard qualitative assessment method using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, and a quantitative computer-based threshold method (0-100%). The mean age at mammography before and after pregnancy was 31 and 34 years, respectively, with a mean difference of 40 months between mammographies. The quantitative density assessment showed a significant reduction in relative MD after pregnancy of 12 percentage points (8.6-15.4), compared with 3.1 (0.0-6.2) in the nulliparous control group (P<0.001). A reduction in MD of more than 10% was seen in 52% of the patients, compared with 18% of the controls. The qualitative density assessment confirmed a reduction in MD after pregnancy by one Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category (P=0.02). This longitudinal study showed that MD can be influenced by one full-term pregnancy. This effect was seen with both quantitative and qualitative assessment methods. It may be hypothesized that breast cancer risk reduction associated with pregnancy is mediated through a direct reduction of MD, and MD assessment might be incorporated in individualizing risk assessment and prevention.

show abstract

“…The authors suggested that these findings might have been explained by the differentiation of breast cells promoted by melatonin (42). However, if melatonin is to exert the antiestrogenic action, one would have expected a decrease, not an increase in mammographic density (55)(56)(57)(58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density

Pepłońska

Bukowska

Sobala

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: An increased risk of breast cancer has been observed in night shift workers. Exposure to artificial light at night and disruption of the endogenous circadian rhythm with suppression of the melatonin synthesis have been suggested mechanisms. We investigated the hypothesis that rotating night shift work is associated with mammographic density.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the association between rotating night shift work characteristics, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (MT6s) creatinine adjusted in a spot morning urine sample, and a computer-assisted measure of mammographic density in 640 nurses and midwives ages 40 to 60 years. The associations were evaluated using regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, menopausal status, age at menopause, age at menarche, smoking, and the calendar season of the year when mammography was conducted.Results: The adjusted means of percentage of mammographic density and absolute density were slightly higher among women working rotating night shifts but not statistically significant [percentage of mammographic density ¼ 23.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 21.9%-25.4% vs. 22.5%, 95% CI, 20.8%-24.3%; absolute density ¼ 23.9 cm

show abstract

Postmenopausal hormone therapy with estradiol and norethisterone acetate and mammographic density: findings from a cross-sectional study among Norwegian women

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Hormone therapy use and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women

Hormone therapy use and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women

Assessment of mammographic density before and after first full-term pregnancy

Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About