Postmortem Diagnosis of Induced Fatal Anaphylactic Shock in Rats

Elshama, Said Said; Salem, Rasha R.; Osman, Hosam-Eldin Hussein; El-Kenawy, Ayman El-Meghawry

doi:10.9734/arrb/2018/39315

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Consistent with the findings of Elshama et al. [ 17 ], serum calcium and magnesium were significantly increased in the present study. During mild hypothermia, renal blood flow increases owing to peripheral vasoconstriction, followed by decreased distal tubular reabsorption of water, and finally failure to reabsorb water (cold diuresis) and increased electrolyte loss in the urine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In the present study, the ACTH, cortisol and adrenaline levels increased significantly in the hypothermic groups compared with those of the NC group. These findings are consistent with previous animal studies [ 17 , 33 ] and postmortem human studies [ 34 ]. However, Palmiere et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…FFA levels were significantly lower in the SH group than those in the NC and MH groups. These findings were consistent with those of other postmortem animal studies [ 17 ], possibly owing to the short survival period in this group with the consequent inability to accumulate large amounts of FFAs in the blood or because of the decreased lipolysis [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Consistent with Elshama et al. [ 17 ], we found significantly increased cTnI levels in the hypothermic groups compared with those of the NC group, and these levels were directly proportional to the intensity of the cold exposure. Hypothermia-induced cardiac injury was attributed to vasoconstriction and increased blood viscosity with consequent hypercoagulability [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The rats had free access to food and water and were maintained on a 12/12-h day/night cycle. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats per group [ 17 ] as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Ibrahim

Mohammed

Tammam

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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Reaching a postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia is challenging in forensic practice. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect the histopathological, histochemical and biochemical changes that occur in adult albino rats following exposure to induced fatal hypothermia. Twenty-four adult albino rats were divided into the negative control, moderate hypothermia, severe hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Rats in the control group were euthanized when those in the moderate hypothermic group died. Blood samples were collected via heart puncture, and the cerebrum, heart, suprarenal gland, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle were removed to investigate the biochemical, histochemical and histopathological changes. Postmortem assessment depicted significant changes in lipid peroxidation, represented by increased malondialdehyde levels in the studied organs of the rats in hypothermic and hypoxia groups. Histopathological examination of the rats' organs revealed degeneration and necrosis in the hypothermia and hypoxia groups. Sections taken from the severe hypothermic rats revealed a loss of normal cardiac tissue architecture, necrotic changes in the pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and massive necrosis, mainly in the tubules of the renal cortex and medulla. These findings suggest that histological changes might be used as biochemical markers for postmortem diagnosing of fatal hypothermia, particularly in severe hypothermic conditions. KEY POINTS• Death by hypothermia is a serious public health problem worldwide.• Confirming a diagnosis and determining the cause of death in cases of hypothermia are among the most difficult practices in forensic medicine. • Death by hypothermia might be associated with structural abnormalities in various organs. • Studies using different tissue staining techniques will enable an overall illustration of the role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicators of hypothermia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The rats had free access to food and water and were maintained on a 12/12-h day/night cycle. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, with six rats per group [ 17 ] as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Ibrahim

Mohammed

Tammam

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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Brain Cortex Morphology in Rats After Cold Exposures

Lomako,

Shylo,

Pirozhenko

2023

Probl Cryobiol Cryomed

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Morphological changes of the brain cortex sensorimotor area in 6-month-old rats were studied after short-term intermittent and long-term continuous cold exposures (STICE and LTCCE, respectively). Under these conditions, perivascular and pericellular edema, small solitary foci of necrosis with gliosis phenomena, "porous" neuropil (signs under STICE at –12°С and formation during LTCCE), dystrophically changed neurons, neurons with nuclei at different stages of necrobiosis were noted in the brain tissue against the background of native cyto- and myeloarchitectonics, Some of the microvessels had signs of inflammation and thrombi. A moderate constriction (after STICE at –12°С) and a dilatation (after STICE at 10°С) of microvessels were observed. According to the fractal analysis, a decrease in the fractal dimension of the brain cortex sections was found under both STICE at –12°С and LTCCE.

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Advanced Diagnostic Tools in Hypothermia-Related Fatalities—A Pathological Perspective

Hleșcu,

Grigoraș,

Ianole

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Background and Objectives: Although classical gross features are known in hypothermia victims, they lack specific diagnosis features. The aim of our study was to reveal specific brain and lung pathological features in a group of hypothermia-related fatalities. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 107 cases from our files associated with hypothermia. Routine hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and postmortem immunohistochemistry were performed. Results: The microscopic cerebral exam revealed diffuse perineuronal and perivascular edema, gliosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, acute brain injuries, focal neuronal ischemia, lacunar infarction, and variable hemorrhages. Variable alveolar edema, pulmonary emphysema, intra-alveolar and/or pleural hemorrhage, and bronchopneumonia, as well as other pre-existing lesions, were identified in lung tissue samples. Glial cells displayed S100β expression, while neurons showed moderate Hsp70 immunopositivity. Alveolar basal membranes exhibited diffuse ICAM-1 positive expression, while ICAM-1 and AQP-1 positivity was observed in the alveolar septum vascular endothelium. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between S100β and Hps70 immunoexpression and cerebral pathological features, between ICAM-1 immunoexpression and alveolar edema and pulmonary emphysema, and between AQP-1 immunoexpression and pulmonary emphysema. Conclusions: Our results add supplementary data to brain and lung pathological findings in hypothermia-related fatalities, with potential therapeutic value in hypothermia patients.

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Postmortem Diagnosis of Induced Fatal Anaphylactic Shock in Rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Histopathological, histochemical and biochemical postmortem changes in induced fatal hypothermia in rats

Brain Cortex Morphology in Rats After Cold Exposures

Advanced Diagnostic Tools in Hypothermia-Related Fatalities—A Pathological Perspective

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