“…Additional public health activities, such as immunization campaigns, nutritional programmes, family planning services, alleviation of poverty, provision of education and empowerment, access to housing, have made significant impact on maternal health and reproductive services (Achanna, Krishnaswamy, Ponnampalam, & Bondhu, 2018). The slight differences observed in the concept and practice between the three races is due to the different culture inherited from the elderly (Yusoff, Amat, Naim, & Othman, 2018). It appears that regardless of whether they live in the most traditional or the least traditional locations, the Temiar lineage and societal norms in the form of taboos during the female reproductive cycle are handed down to the new generation by their elders (Syed Abdullah, Nilan, & Germov, 2016).…”