Postnatal development of corneal curvature and thickness in the cat

Moodie, Karen L; Hashizume, Naoki; Houston, D. L.; Hoopes, P. J.; Demidenko, Eugene; Trembly, B. Stuart; Davidson, Michael G.

doi:10.1046/j.1463-5216.2001.00198.x

Cited by 39 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A inclusão de gatos acima de um ano de idade (adultos), fundamentou-se no fato de não haver crescimento ósseo do crânio e nem do bulbo do olho após essa idade (Dyce, Sack & Wesing 1997), de modo que a idade não fosse uma variável de comparação. Parte dos trabalhos disponíveis sobre ultrassonografia ocular em felinos domésticos (Nathan et al 1984, Moodie et al 2001, Gonçalves et al 2009), referem o uso de fárma-cos para a sedação ou anestesia dos animais submetidos ao exame. Neste estudo, foi possível a condução do exame nos 40 animais somente com a contenção manual e a dessensibilização corneana com colírio de proximetacaína corroborando o relatado por Gilger et al (1998) que realizaram a ultrassonografia ocular em 15 gatos valendo-se de contenção manual e dessensibilização da superfície corneana com colírio de proparacaína a 0,5%.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Relação entre a biometria ultrassonográfica ocular e os parâmetros morfométricos do crânio, idade, peso e gênero em gatos domésticos

Ferreira¹,

Allemann

Dias

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(2):192-198, fevereiro 2014 192 RESUMO.-O exame ultrassonográfico ocular é indispensá-vel no pré-operatório de procedimentos cirúrgicos intraoculares como a facectomia, além de ser uma ferramenta complementar ao exame oftalmológico, em casos de perda da transparência dos meios ópticos. A inexistência de estudos acerca de padrões de normalidades para as medidas do bulbo ocular e de suas estruturas internas nos gatos, cujos valores possibilitam o monitoramento de enfermidades e auxiliam em procedimentos cirúrgicos motivaram este estudo. Utilizaram-se 40 gatos, adultos, machos e fêmeas, livres de enfermidades sistêmica e oftalmológica. Destes, 22 eram da raça persa (grupo braquicefálico -GB) e 18 sem raça definida (grupo não braquicefálico -GNB). A biometria ultrassonográfica ocular transcorneana foi realizada, em modo-B∕A, com o transdutor microlinear de 9 MHz e as medidas D1 (profundidade da câmara anterior), D2 (diâ-metro do cristalino), D3 (profundidade da câmara vítrea) e D4 (diâmetro axial do bulbo ocular) aferidas. Ainda, menRelação entre a biometria ultrassonográfica ocular e os parâmetros morfométricos do crânio, idade, peso e gênero em gatos domésticos Ocular ultrasonography is a helpful ophthalmic examination, performed on the absence of transparency in ocular means and frequently requested prior intraocular surgery. Unfortunately, the lack of studies upon ultrasonografic images of the normal feline eye, difficults the evaluation of its biometry and its inner structures in many ophthalmic diseases and also before surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ocular biometry and the morphometric parameters of the cranium of 40 healthy adult cats, including 22 Persian cats (Brachycephalic group -BG) and 18 Mixed-breed cats (Noun brachycephalic group -NBG). B/A-mode ultrasonographic biometry, utilizing a 9 MHz probe, was performed for depth of the anterior chamber (D1), lens axial length (D2), depth of the vitreous chamber (D3) and axial length of the globe (D4). Morphometric parameters of the cranium were obtained for bizygomatic (BZ) and occipital frontal (OF) diameters. Data was collected and statistical analysis, including "t" paired tests, variance and covariance analysis and multiple linear regressions was performed for every obtained measure and also for animal ages, weigh and gender. Statistic relevant values were observed in D4 parameter for female cats of BG. Multiple linear regression indicated some influence of the weigh, age and OF in D1, D2 and D4 of PG; and of BZ in D1, D3 and D4 of NBG. Besides that, it was observed that biometry was also influenced by weigh, age and morphometric parameters of their craniums in both groups.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Relação entre a biometria ultrassonográfica ocular e os parâmetros morfométricos do crânio, idade, peso e gênero em gatos domésticos

Ferreira¹,

Allemann

Dias

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Thereafter, the stroma thickens gradually until P30 (Song et al, 2003). In larger animals, such as the cat, the cornea grows for up to 2 years after birth (Moodie et al, 2001) and in the dog for up to the first 8 months (Montiani-Ferreira et al, 2003). In the human, eyelid openingassociated changes are prenatal, but the cornea grows and increases in thickness after birth up to 3 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collagen fibril assembly during postnatal development and dysfunctional regulation in the lumican‐deficient murine cornea

Chakravarti

Zhang

Chervoneva

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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The transparent cornea is the outer barrier of the eye and is its major refractive surface. Development of a functional cornea requires a postnatal maturation phase involving development, growth and organization of the stromal extracellular matrix. Lumican, a leucine-rich proteoglycan, is implicated in regulating assembly of collagen fibrils and the highly organized extracellular matrix essential for corneal transparency. We investigated the regulatory role(s) of lumican in fibril assembly during postnatal corneal development using wild type (Lum ϩ/ϩ ) and lumican-null (Lum Ϫ/Ϫ ) mice. In Lum ϩ/ϩ mice, a regular architecture of small-diameter fibrils is achieved in the anterior stroma by postnatal day 10 (P10), while the posterior stroma takes longer to reach this developmental maturity. Thus, the anterior and the posterior stroma follow distinct developmental timelines and may be under different regulatory mechanisms. In Lum Ϫ/Ϫ mice, it is the posterior stroma where abnormal lateral associations of fibrils and thicker fibrils with irregular contours are evident as early as P10. In contrast, the anterior stroma is minimally perturbed by the absence of lumican. In Lum ϩ/ϩ mice, lumican is expressed throughout the developing stroma at P10, with strong expression limited to the posterior stroma in the adult. Therefore, the posterior stroma, which is most vulnerable to lumican-deficiency, demonstrates an early developmental defect in fibril structure and architecture in the Lum Ϫ/Ϫ mouse. These defects underlie the reported increased light scattering and opacity detectable in the adult. Our findings emphasize the early regulation of collagen structure by lumican during postnatal development of the cornea. Developmental Dynamics 235:2493-2506, 2006.

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“…The cornea gradually thickens thereafter until day 30 after birth when adult thickness is achieved (Song et al 2003). The cornea continues to mature and grow after birth, as shown in the cat for 1-2 years, for the first 8 months in dogs (Moodie et al 2001;Montiani-Ferreira et al 2003), and at least six months in humans (Portellinha and Belfort 1991). The stroma is metabolically active during this critical maturation stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Differential gene expression patterns of the developing and adult mouse cornea compared to the lens and tendon

Lee

Schumacher

et al. 2008

Experimental Eye Research

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The cornea continues to mature after birth to develop a fully functional, refractive and protective barrier tissue. Here we investigated the complex biological events underlying this process by profiling global genome-wide gene expression patterns of the immature postnatal day 10 and seven week-old adult mouse cornea. The lens and tendon were included in the study to increase the specificity of genes identified as up regulated in the corneal samples. Notable similarities in gene expression between the cornea and the tendon were in the mesenchymal extracellular matrix collagen (types I, III, V, VI) and proteoglycan (lumican, decorin and biglycan) genes. Expression similarities in the cornea and lens were limited to certain epithelial genes and the crystallins. Approximately 76 genes were over expressed in the cornea samples that showed basal expression levels in the lens and tendon. Thirty-two of these were novel with no known functions in the cornea. These include genes with a potential role in protection against oxidative stress (Dhcr24, Cdo1, Akr1b7, Prdx6), inflammation (Ltb4dh, Wdr1), ion-transport (Pdzk1ip1, Slc12a2, Slc25a17) and transcription (Zfp36l3, Pdzk1ip1). Direct comparison of the cornea of two ages showed selective up regulation of 50 and 12 genes in the P10 and adult cornea, respectively. Of the up regulated P10 genes several encode extracellular matrix collagens and proteoglycans that are stable components of the adult cornea and their high transcriptional activity at P10 indicate a period of active corneal growth and matrix deposition in the young cornea. Much less is known about the genes selectively over expressed in the adult cornea; some relate to immune response and innervation (Npy), and possibly to electron transport (Cyp24a1, Cyp2f2) and others of yet unknown functions in the cornea (Rgs10, Psmb8, Xlr4)). This study detected expression of genes with known functions in the cornea, providing additional validation of the microarray experiments. Importantly, it identified several novel genes whose functions have not been investigated in the cornea.

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Postnatal development of corneal curvature and thickness in the cat

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Relação entre a biometria ultrassonográfica ocular e os parâmetros morfométricos do crânio, idade, peso e gênero em gatos domésticos

Relação entre a biometria ultrassonográfica ocular e os parâmetros morfométricos do crânio, idade, peso e gênero em gatos domésticos

Collagen fibril assembly during postnatal development and dysfunctional regulation in the lumican‐deficient murine cornea

Differential gene expression patterns of the developing and adult mouse cornea compared to the lens and tendon

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