Postnatal development of dopamine and serotonin transporters in rat caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens septi

Tarazi, Frank I.; Tomasini, Eric C.; Baldessarini, Ross J.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00644-2

Cited by 155 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, adolescents tend to overexpress various neuroreceptors (eg, dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotonergic) followed by pruning to adult levels (an inverted U-shape curve of development). Both dopamine receptors (eg, D 1 , D 2 ) and serotonergic receptors (eg, 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 2A ) that are implicated in the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs are reported to be expressed at higher levels in various brain areas (eg, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, dorsal and ventral striatum, and septum) during adolescence than in adulthood (Lidow et al, 1991;Teicher et al, 1995;Tarazi et al, 1998;Andersen et al, 2000), and antipsychotic exposure alters these neuroreceptors in unique ways not seen in adult animals (Moran-Gates et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2009;Choi et al, 2010). For instance, Moran-Gates et al (2006) found that repeated administration of OLZ (5 mg/kg, once daily) and CLZ (20 mg/kg, twice daily) from P 22 to P 42, all decreased D 1 receptors in dorsolateral frontal and medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent, but not adult rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olanzapine Sensitization and Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Conditioned Avoidance Response Model

Qiao

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Disruption of conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rodents is one trademark feature of many antipsychotic drugs. In adult rats, repeated olanzapine (OLZ) treatment causes an enhanced disruption of avoidance response (sensitization), whereas repeated clozapine (CLZ) treatment causes a decreased disruption (tolerance). The present study addressed (1) whether OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance can be induced in adolescent rats, and (2) the extent to which OLZ sensitization and CLZ tolerance induced in adolescence persists into adulthood. Male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats (approximate postnatal days (BP) 43-47) were first treated with OLZ (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)) or CLZ (10 or 20 mg/kg, sc) daily for 5 consecutive days in the CAR model. They were then tested for the expression of OLZ sensitization or CLZ tolerance either in adolescence (BP 50) or after they matured into adults (BP 76 and 92) in a challenge test during which all rats were injected with either a lower dose of OLZ (0.5 mg/kg) or CLZ (5.0 mg/kg). When tested in adolescence, rats previously treated with OLZ showed a stronger inhibition of CAR than those previously treated with vehicle (ie, sensitization). In contrast, rats previously treated with CLZ showed a weaker inhibition of CAR than those previously treated with vehicle (ie, tolerance). When tested in adulthood, the OLZ sensitization was still detectable at both time points (BP 76 and 92), whereas the CLZ tolerance was only detectable on BP 76, and only manifested in the intertrial crossing. Performance in the prepulse inhibition and fear-induced 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adulthood were not altered by adolescence drug treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that atypical antipsychotic treatment during adolescence can induce a long-term specific alteration in antipsychotic effect that persists into adulthood despite the brain maturation. As antipsychotic drugs are being increasingly used in children and adolescents in the past two decades, findings from this study are important for understanding the impacts of adolescent antipsychotic treatment on the brain and behavioral developments. This work also has implications for clinical practice involving adolescence antipsychotic treatments in terms of drug choice, drug dose, and schedule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olanzapine Sensitization and Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Conditioned Avoidance Response Model

Qiao

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Such differences between preweanlings and adults exist from earliest infancy; for example, dopamine release in the striatum of p5-p10 pups is less than that in adults [2,38,39]. During the preweanling period major sculpting of the CNS begins, and it continues throughout adolescence, including further specific changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system [3,61,66,67]. For example, p14 and p21 preweanling rats have fewer D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatum than adults [65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the preweanling period major sculpting of the CNS begins, and it continues throughout adolescence, including further specific changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system [3,61,66,67]. For example, p14 and p21 preweanling rats have fewer D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatum than adults [65][66][67]. Adult levels of these receptors are attained by mid-adolescence (p35) [3,61,3,[65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, p14 and p21 preweanling rats have fewer D1 and D2 receptors in the dorsal and ventral striatum than adults [65][66][67]. Adult levels of these receptors are attained by mid-adolescence (p35) [3,61,3,[65][66][67]. The longer time-frame effects of stimulant drug exposure in infancy and the preweanling period versus adolescence and adulthood may be due in part to the developmental state of the dopaminergic systems during the preweanling period and early adolescence [1,13,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral responses during the initial exposures to a low dose of cocaine in late preweanling and adult rats

Smith

Morrell

2008

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Human drug experimentation begins during late childhood and early adolescence, a critical time in physical and CNS development, when the immature CNS is vulnerable to the long-term effects of psychoactive drugs. Few preclinical animal studies have investigated responses to such drugs in a developmental stage equivalent to late childhood of humans. We used a rodent model to examine behavioral responses of female Sprague-Dawley late preweanling and adult rats during acute and repeated exposures to a low dose of cocaine. Results show that after cocaine injection, preweanling rats (18-21 days old) have locomotor responses that differ from adults, but after postnatal day 22, the responses are indistinguishable from adults even though rats are still not weaned. Before day 22, locomotor effects of cocaine differ from those in adults in three ways: preweanlings are active for a longer time after cocaine injection at day 18; preweanling activity peaks more rapidly after subcutaneous administration; and after only three injections of cocaine, a tolerance-like pattern is seen in preweanlings whereas an emerging pattern of sensitization to cocaine is seen in adults. The behavioral patterns of this age group offer a preclinical model of the early effects of drugs of abuse.

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“…[7]) likewise appears to increase into adolescence. Weanling rats exhibit only about 70% of adult levels of the DA transporter in PFC, ACC, and olfactory tubercles [102], while binding to the DA and 5HT transporters reach levels not significantly different from adults by early-mid adolescence (P28-35) [545]. Cholinergic innervation of PFC also increases to reach mature levels in adolescence in rats [208] and humans [298].…”

Section: Alterations In Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Spear

2000

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

4,742

110

4,301

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To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with behavioral change during adolescence. Prominent developmental transformations are seen in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems. Developmental changes in these stressor-sensitive regions, which are critical for attributing incentive salience to drugs and other stimuli, likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence. ᭧

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Postnatal development of dopamine and serotonin transporters in rat caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens septi

Cited by 155 publications

References 17 publications

Olanzapine Sensitization and Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Conditioned Avoidance Response Model

Olanzapine Sensitization and Clozapine Tolerance: From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Conditioned Avoidance Response Model

Behavioral responses during the initial exposures to a low dose of cocaine in late preweanling and adult rats

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

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