Postnatal growth in preterm infants during the first year of life: A population-based cohort study in China

Kang, Lakhwinder Singh; Wang, Huiqing; He, Chunhua; Wang, Ke; Miao, Lei; Li, Qi; Wang, Yanping; Zhu, Jun; Li, Xiaohong; Liu, Xingzhe; Chen, Jiawei; Chen, Qianrun; Mu, Dezhi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213762

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study noticed that growth trajectories of preterm infants were consistently over the WHO standards from CA 40 weeks to CA 24 months, especially for weight. Recent studies in Chinese population also found that growth rate of preterm infants was higher than that in term infants during the first year of life [ 17 , 18 ]. Several possible reasons might explain this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Early postanal growth of preterm infants has many effects on early and late health. However, evidence on growth pattern in Chinese preterm infant population during early life is insufficient. This study aims to describe the growth trajectory, catch-up growth, and risk of overweight of preterm infants during the first 2 years of life in a Chinese community population. Methods All preterm infants (n = 10,624) received routine childcare in one primary maternal and child healthcare network in 8 years were included. Body weight and length/height at corrected age (CA) 40 weeks, CA 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were extracted and converted to z-scores based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. According to the intrauterine growth status, infants were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Changes of z-score were used to describe the growth velocity. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze growth trajectory trends over time. Results Body weight and length/height were overall above the WHO standards during the first 2 years of life. Z-score increased significantly by 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10) in weight and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04–0.09) in length/height from CA 40 weeks to 3 months and then levelled off until CA 24 months after adjustment. Almost 90% of AGA and LGA infants achieved growth targets (≥25th percentile of WHO standards), and over 85% of SGA infants achieved catch-up growth (≥10th percentile of WHO standards) before CA 24 months. However, the risk of overweight appeared during this period, with the proportion of infants with the risk of overweight being at the peak at CA 3 months (25.6% of all preterm infants and 39.4% of LGA infants). Growth trajectories of SGA showed increasing trends, but those of LGA showed decreasing trends during the first 2 years. Conclusions Body weight and length/height of preterm infants are above the WHO standards in the Chinese community population during the first 2 years of life. Catch-up growth is accompanied by risk of overweight as early as CA 3 months. (349 words)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parents and caregivers devote more effort to their only child among these people. A point that the heavier the baby is, the healthier he/she will be is widely accepted [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our singleton term infants demonstrated higher levels than WHO standards and consistent growth trajectories to CNGS 2015 during the first 2 years of life but slightly higher than the latter. Furthermore, term infants in Kang et al's study also showed higher length and weight growth levels than the WHO standards during the first year of life ( 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Kang et al lately published a multi-center cohort study conducted in Sichuan, China, which also made a comparison of the postnatal growth between preterm and term infants using longitudinal growth data during 40–88 weeks PMA ( 19 ). Different from our study, twins and infants with only one follow-up visit were all included in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Postnatal Growth Charts of Singleton Preterm and Term Infants Using World Health Organization Standards at 40–160 Weeks Postmenstrual Age: A Chinese Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There remains controversy regarding whether the growth charts constructed from data of term infants, such as those produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, can appropriately evaluate the postnatal growth of preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study, conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in Jinan China, aimed to compare the postnatal growth charts of singleton preterm and term infants using WHO standards at 40–160 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). A total of 5,459 and 15,185 sets of longitudinal measurements [length/height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)] from birth to 160 weeks PMA were used to construct growth charts for 559 singleton preterm (mean PMA at birth, 33.84 weeks) and 1,596 singleton term infants (born at 40 weeks PMA), respectively, using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) method. Z-scores (prematurity corrected) were calculated using WHO Anthro software. Compared to WHO standards, all parameters of preterm infants were increased, especially in terms of length/height and weight; the gap between the two almost spanned two adjacent centile curves. Compared to term controls, the length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants were higher at 40 weeks PMA, surpassed by term infants at 52–64 weeks PMA, and quite consistent thereafter. The HC of preterm infants at 40–160 weeks PMA was quite consistent with both term controls and the WHO standards. The Z-scores for length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants relative to the WHO standards gradually decreased from 1.20, 1.13, and 0.74 at 40–44 weeks PMA to 0.67, 0.42, and 0.03 at 132–160 weeks PMA, respectively; Z-scores for HC of preterm infants rapidly decreased from 0.73 to 0.29 at 40–50 weeks PMA, and then fluctuated in the range of 0.08–0.23 at 50–160 weeks PMA. Preterm infants had higher growth trajectories than the WHO standards and similar but not identical trajectories to term infants during the first 2 years of life. These findings reemphasize the necessity of constructing local growth charts for Chinese singleton preterm infants.

show abstract

“…Our study noticed that growth trajectories of preterm infants were consistent over the WHO standards from CA 40 weeks to CA 24 months, especially for weight. Recent studies in Chinese population also found that growth rate in preterm infants was higher than that in term infants during the rst year of life (17,18). Several possible reasons might explain this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants During The First Two Years of Life: Catch-Up Growth Accompanied by Risk of Overweight

Han

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Early postanal growth of preterm infants has many effects on early and late health. However, evidence on growth pattern in Chinese preterm infant population during early life is insufficient. This study aims to describe the growth trajectory, catch-up growth, and risk of overweight of preterm infants during the first two years of life in a Chinese community population. Methods: All preterm infants (n=10624) received routine childcare in one primary maternal and child healthcare network in eight years were included. Body weight and length/height at corrected age (CA) 40 weeks, CA 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were extracted and converted to z-scores based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. According to the intrauterine growth status, infants were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Changes of z-score were used to describe the growth velocity. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze growth trajectory trends over time. Results: Body weight and length/height were overall above the WHO standards during the first two years of life. Z-score increased significantly by 0.08 (95%CI: 0.06-0.10) in weight and 0.07 (95%CI: 0.04-0.09) in length/height from CA 40 weeks to 3 months, and then levels off until CA 24 months after adjustment. Over 90% AGA/LGA preterm infants achieved catch-up growth before CA 24 months, with the majority did before CA 3 months. It took more time for SGA infants to achieve catch-up growth than AGA/LGA infants. However, risk of overweight appeared along with catch-up growth, the proportion of infants with risk of overweight being at the peak (25.6% of all preterm infants and 39.4% of LGA infants) at CA 3 months. Growth trajectories of SGA showed declining trends, but those of LGA showed increasing trends during the first two years.Conclusions: Body weight and length/height of preterm infants are above the WHO standards in the Chinese community population during the first two years of life. Catch-up growth is accompanied by the risk of overweight as early as CA 3 months.

show abstract

Postnatal growth in preterm infants during the first year of life: A population-based cohort study in China

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight

Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight

Comparison of Postnatal Growth Charts of Singleton Preterm and Term Infants Using World Health Organization Standards at 40–160 Weeks Postmenstrual Age: A Chinese Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants During The First Two Years of Life: Catch-Up Growth Accompanied by Risk of Overweight

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About