Postnatal growth of infants of &lt;1.3 kg birth weight: Effects of metabolic acidosis, of caloric intake, and of calcium, sodium, and phosphate supplementation

Chance, G. W.; Radde, Ingeborg C.; Willis, Diane; Roy, Rabindra; Park, Elizabeth; Ackerman, Ida

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(77)81043-3

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A daily intake of at least 3 mmol/kg/d is suggested by most investigators (30)(31)(32). However, these studies were performed on formula-fed infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Varying Amounts of Human Milk Protein

1989

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ABSTRACT. In a double-blind, randomized study, 28 healthy, growing very low birth wt, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants were fed human milk, preferably mother's own, fortified daily with human milk protein and/or human milk fat. The infants entered the study when they were stable on complete enteral intakes of 170 mL/kg/d (mean age = 19 d). The study lasted for a mean of 4 wk.Samples from all the milks were collected daily, and intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrates, energy, and electrolytes were calculated weekly during the whole study period.Protein intakes ranged from 1.7 to 3.9 g/kg/d, and energy intakes from 100 to 150 kcal/kg/d. Wt and length gain in the nonprotein-enriched groups were 15.6 + 2.7 g/kg/d (mean + SD) and 0.88 + 0.17 cm/wk; the corresponding figures for the protein-enriched groups were 20.2 + 2.1 g/ kg/d and 1.24 & 0.14 crnlwk. There was a strong correlation between protein intake and growth in wt and length up to an intake of about 3 g/kg/d; more protein did not result in increased growth. The same was true for energy intake, with a maximal growth rate a t an intake of about 120 kcal/ kg/d. A protein intake of more than 3 g/kg/d resulted in a growth rate equal to or higher than the estimated intrauterine growth rate. Some infants fed mature banked human milk alone had a poor growth. Sodium intake was low, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6 mmol/kg/d. No correlation was found between sodium intake and growth rates.

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“…A daily intake of at least 3 mmol/kg/d is suggested by most investigators (30)(31)(32). However, these studies were performed on formula-fed infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Varying Amounts of Human Milk Protein

1989

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“…Once the phase of immediate postnatal adaptation is over, growth becomes of paramount importance. Chronic limitation of sodium intake is associated with poor growth29 [45][46][47] and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. There is increasing evidence that sodium is a permissive factor for growth.48 Sodium deficiency inhibits DNA synthesis in the most immature cells.48 Renal salt wasting is common in babies below 32 weeks' gestation and is due to impaired reabsorption at both proximal and distal tubule.…”

Section: Implications Of Developmental Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium intake and preterm babies.

Modi¹

1993

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Such a reduction may have serious consequences for nutritive flow and thus cause brain lesions, such as leukomalacia. Positive sodium balance is necessary not only for the maintenance of a normal sodium level, but also for growth (31), which has been shown to be optimal at a daily sodium intake of 3 mmol/kg.…”

Section: Rationale For Sodium Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium, potassium and chloride needs in low‐birth‐weight infants

Herin

Zetterström

1994

Acta Paediatrica

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A review of the daily requirements of sodium, potassium and chloride in preterm infants with particular emphasis on very low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants is given against the background of our present knowledge of the homeostatic regulation of these electrolytes during early postnatal life. Particular attention has been given to the importance of balanced fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the control of compartment volumes and tonicity. The risk of rapid changes of extracellular fluid osmolality for many organs, and particularly for the brain, has been stressed. In order to obtain an adequate sodium and fluid balance during the first postnatal weeks in preterm infants of varying gestational age, recommendations for sodium intake during the first 4‐5 postnatal weeks are given.

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Postnatal growth of infants of <1.3 kg birth weight: Effects of metabolic acidosis, of caloric intake, and of calcium, sodium, and phosphate supplementation

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Varying Amounts of Human Milk Protein

Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Varying Amounts of Human Milk Protein

Sodium intake and preterm babies.

Sodium, potassium and chloride needs in low‐birth‐weight infants

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