Postnatal Hematopoiesis and Gut Microbiota in NOD Mice Deviate from C57BL/6 Mice

Of four genotypes of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. cuniculi genotype II is considered to represent a parasite that occurs in many host species in a latent asymptomatic form, whereas E. cuniculi genotype III seems to be more aggressive, and infections caused by this strain can lead to the death of even immunocompetent hosts. Although albendazole has been considered suitable for treatment of Encephalitozoon species, its failure in control of E. cuniculi genotype III infection has been reported. This study determined the effect of a 100× recommended daily dose of albendazole on an Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype III course of infection in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and compared the results with those from experiments performed with a lower dose of albendazole and E. cuniculi genotype II. The administration of the regular dose of abendazole during the acute phase of infection reduced the number of affected organs in all strains of mice and absolute counts of spores in screened organs. However, the effect on genotype III was minor. Surprisingly, no substantial effect was recorded after the use of a 100× dose of albendazole, with larger reductions seen only in the number of affected organs and absolute counts of spores in all strains of mice, implying variations in albendazole resistance between these Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotypes. These results imply that differences in the course of infection and the response to treatment depend not only on the immunological status of the host but also on the genotype causing the infection. Understanding how microsporidia survive in hosts despite targeted antimicrosporidial treatment could significantly contribute to research related to human health.

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“…Moreover, it is already known that C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice differ in their microbiota content (29,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genotype III Evinces a Resistance to Albendazole Treatment in both Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Mice

Sak

Brdíčková

Holubová

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The blood cells were transferred to a 96-well plate (75 μL/well; Cellstar, Greiner Bio-One, 650 180), incubated with rat anti–mouse CD16/CD32 (Fc block; Supplemental Table 2 ) and then stained at room temperature with fluorescently labeled anti-mouse CD45.1 (common leukocyte antigen; APC), CD11c (DCs; PECF594), CD11b (myeloid cells; AF700), Ly6C (inflammatory macrophages/neutrophils; expressed at lower levels on NOD cell populations than for conventional mouse strains; BV605; refs. 82 , 83), Ly6G (neutrophils; PE-Cy7), and CD41 (platelets; FITC), each diluted at 1:100 (in 150 μL; Supplemental Table 2 ). Each sample (150 μL) was transferred to FACS mini tubes (Axygen), fixed (1:1.3) with Fixation and Permeabilization solution (BD Cytofix/Cytoperm, 51-2090KZ, BD Biosciences) and then analyzed on a LSRII flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates characterize the development of type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice

Popp¹,

Vecchio²,

Brown³

et al. 2022

JCI Insight

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“…It is possible that by using the V3–V4 16S amplification primers, certain bacterial taxa may have been missed and/or misrepresented, though limitations exist within every sequencing method that could potentially affect results. Finally, differences in microbiota composition across strains [26, 27] and vendors [28] is a significant factor affecting reproducibility in animal studies. To generalize results outside of strain or environment, the functional ecology of the microbiome must be examined [29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Drunk bugs: Chronic vapour alcohol exposure induces marked changes in the gut microbiome in mice

Peterson

Jury

Cabrera‐Rubio

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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The gut microbiota includes a community of bacteria that and play an integral part in host health and biological processes. Pronounced and repeated findings have linked gut microbiome to stress, anxiety, and depression. Currently, however, there remains only a limited set of studies focusing on microbiota change in substance abuse, including alcohol use disorder. To date, no studies have investigated the impact of vapour alcohol administration on the gut microbiome. For research on gut microbiota and addiction to proceed, an understanding of how route of drug administration affects gut microbiota must first be established. Animal models of alcohol abuse have proven valuable for elucidating the biological processes involved in addiction and alcohol-related diseases. This is the first study to investigate the effect of vapour route of ethanol administration on gut microbiota in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic intermittent vapourized ethanol (CIE, N=10) or air (Control, N=9). Faecal samples were collected at the end of exposure followed by 16S sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Robust separation between CIE and Control was seen in the microbiome, as assessed by alpha (Shannon and Simpson index, p<0.05) and beta (ANOSIM, p<0.001) diversity, with a notable decrease in alpha diversity in CIE. These results demonstrate that CIE exposure markedly alters the gut microbiota in mice. Significant increases in genus Alistipes (p<0.001) and significant reductions in genra Clostridium IV and XIVb (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001), Dorea (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.01), and Coprococcus (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.01) were seen between CIE mice and Control. These findings support the viability of the CIE method for studies investigating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and align with previous research showing similar microbiota alterations in inflammatory states during alcoholic hepatitis and psychological stress.

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Postnatal Hematopoiesis and Gut Microbiota in NOD Mice Deviate from C57BL/6 Mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genotype III Evinces a Resistance to Albendazole Treatment in both Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Mice

Encephalitozoon cuniculi Genotype III Evinces a Resistance to Albendazole Treatment in both Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Mice

Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates characterize the development of type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice

Drunk bugs: Chronic vapour alcohol exposure induces marked changes in the gut microbiome in mice

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