Postnatal nutrition and adult health programming

Neu, Josef; Hauser, Nicholas; Douglas-Escobar, Martha

doi:10.1016/j.siny.2006.10.009

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We found transcripts of cytokeratin 18 (ct range between 30. 8 Exfoliated cells isolated from gastric residual fluid aspirates (one boy and one girl) by immunocapture were extracted for genomic DNA and compared with cultured colon cancer (Caco-2) cell DNA extracts. Note that the difference in band intensities between these two infants was not related to sex or the infant's age at sampling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Exfoliated Cells From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Premature Infants: A New Tool to Perform “Noninvasive Biopsies?”

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:To gain insight into specific gene expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of preterm infants, we adapted a method to isolate exfoliated epithelial cells. Gastric residual fluid aspirates (n ϭ 89) or stool samples (n ϭ 10) were collected from 96 neonates (gestational age, 24 -36 wk). Cells were characterized by microscopic observation, cytokeratin-18 immunodetection, and expression of transcripts. The human origin of cellular DNA was confirmed by amplification of specific X and Y chromosome sequences. Isolation yielded 100 -500 cells per sample for gastric aspirates (n ϭ 8) and 10 -20 cells for fecal samples (n ϭ 5). Epithelial origin was confirmed by immunodetection of cytokeratin 18. Analyses of reverse transcribed products, using two independent methods, from 15 gastric fluid and two stool samples showed that 18S-rRNA and transcripts of beta-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and period1 were in quantities corresponding to at least 10 cells. On 59 aspirates, we found beta-actin transcripts (all but one), cytokeratin 18 (eight positive of eight samples), SLC26-A7-1 ( I nvestigation of gene expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract commonly relies on the analysis of tissue biopsies. The performance of tissue biopsies, however, is unethical in human neonates. Exfoliated or sloughed cells are naturally lost by mammals in their environment and have been used as surrogates for target cells to predict the response to bioactive food components (1) or to detect biomarkers of cancer in children with inflammatory bowel disease (2) and cancer in adults (3). Yet, the feasibility of this approach has not been assessed for the exploration of neonatal GI tract.Our aims were to determine the feasibility of this approach in human infants and assess the number, quality, and lineage of cells exfoliated that can be recovered from gastric and intestinal lumen in premature infants and to evaluate whether these cells can be used to measure the expression of specific genes of interest in a "noninvasive" fashion and thus serve as surrogates for true invasive tissue biopsy specimens. The ability to use exfoliated cells instead of biopsy or autopsy material would be highly useful to evaluate disease biomarkers in therapeutics and to explore GI functional maturation (4). We have chosen to assay clock genes as well because (1) these genes are believed to be ubiquitous in somatic cells of mammals and may be modulated in the GI tract by food intake (5) and (2) we detected the expression of these genes in cells from intestinal biopsy specimens obtained in adults in earlier studies (6). To our knowledge, even though the ability of feeding to induce and synchronize the expression of these genes has been extensively studied in peripheral tissues in laboratory rodents (7), this has not been explored in human infants, whether full term or preterm. In newborn rats, a common animal model used in neonatology (8), breast-feeding was shown to alter the circadian rhythm of the clock in the liver, with the beginn...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Exfoliated Cells From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Premature Infants: A New Tool to Perform “Noninvasive Biopsies?”

et al. 2007

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“…Higher GV during the postnatal period for preterm infants may increase the risk of health problems in adulthood. 37,38 Longer-term follow-up studies are required to Experts have recommended a variety of nutritional practices to enhance growth in preterm infants, including early initiation of parenteral nutrition, increased protein administration, early initiation of enteral feedings, and a focus on human milk and breastfeeding. [13][14][15][16][17] Other factors may improve weight gain such as exposure to biological maternal sounds 39 or single-family room care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Growth Velocity and Postnatal Growth Failure in Infants 501 to 1500 Grams: 2000–2013

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Very low birth weight infants often gain weight poorly and demonstrate growth failure during the initial hospitalization. Although many of the major morbidities experienced by these infants during their initial NICU stays have decreased in recent years, it is unclear whether growth has improved. METHODS: We studied 362 833 infants weighing 501 to 1500 g without major birth defects born from 2000 to 2013 and who were hospitalized for 15 to 175 days at 736 North American hospitals in the Vermont Oxford Network. Average growth velocity (GV; g/kg per day) was computed by using a 2-point exponential model on the basis of birth weight and discharge weight. Postnatal growth failure and severe postnatal growth failure were defined as a discharge weight less than the 10th and third percentiles for postmenstrual age, respectively. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2013, average GV increased from 11.8 to 12.9 g/kg per day. Postnatal growth failure decreased from 64.5% to 50.3% and severe postnatal growth failure from 39.8% to 27.5%. The interquartile ranges for the hospitals participating in 2013 were as follows: GV, 12.3 to 13.4 g/kg per day; postnatal growth failure, 41.1% to 61.7%; and severe postnatal growth failure, 19.4% to 36.0%. Adjusted and unadjusted estimates were nearly identical. CONCLUSIONS: For infants weighing 501 to 1500 g at birth, average GV increased and the percentage with postnatal growth failure decreased. However, in 2013, half of these infants still demonstrated postnatal growth failure and one-quarter demonstrated severe postnatal growth failure.

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“…After delivery, the early postnatal nutritional period is crucial for growth patterns, metabolic and epigenetic phenomena that affect subsequent health through the lifetime of the individual and potentially subsequent generations [114]. Isoflavones have physiological activity in rodent models and in human infants, the intake of isoflavones from soy protein‐based formula is high.…”

Section: Is Postnatal Nutrition a Transition Between Fetal Programminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Pregnancy on Fetal Programming of Endothelial Function in Offspring

2011

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Epidemiological evidence suggests that soy-based diets containing phytoestrogens (isoflavones) afford protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, supplementation trials have largely reported only marginal health benefits. The molecular mechanisms by which the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and equol afford protection against oxidative stress remain to be investigated in large scale clinical trials. Isoflavones are transferred across the placenta in both rodents and humans, yet there is limited information on their actions in pregnancy and the developmental origins of disease. Our studies established that feeding a soy isoflavone-rich diet during pregnancy, weaning, and postweaning affords cardiovascular protection in aged male rats. Notably, rats exposed to a soy isoflavone-deficient diet throughout pregnancy and adult life exhibited increased oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant enzyme and eNOS levels, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure in vivo. The beneficial effects of refeeding isoflavones to isoflavone-deficient rats include an increased production of nitric oxide and EDHF, an upregulation of antioxidant defense enzymes and lowering of blood pressure in vivo. This review focuses on the role that isoflavones in the fetal circulation may play during fetal development in affording protection against CVD in the offspring via their ability to activate eNOS, EDHF, and redox-sensitive gene expression.

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Postnatal nutrition and adult health programming

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Recovery of Exfoliated Cells From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Premature Infants: A New Tool to Perform “Noninvasive Biopsies?”

Recovery of Exfoliated Cells From the Gastrointestinal Tract of Premature Infants: A New Tool to Perform “Noninvasive Biopsies?”

Weight Growth Velocity and Postnatal Growth Failure in Infants 501 to 1500 Grams: 2000–2013

Impact of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Pregnancy on Fetal Programming of Endothelial Function in Offspring

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